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Characterization of amaranth and bean flour blends and the impact on quality of gluten-free breads

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Abstract

Both amaranth and bean flours were higher in protein, minerals and vitamins than whole wheat flour along with gluten-free benefits. Nutritious gluten-free breads were developed using amaranth flour combined with 15% or 30% soybean, lupin, or navy bean flour, respectively. Amaranth and bean flours exhibited higher water holding capacity than whole wheat flour. The pasting property of amaranth flour was lower than that of whole wheat flour but higher than bean flours. All blends revealed shear thinning properties that are important for mouthfeel and industrial applications. Volumes of breads using amaranth-soy 85:15 and 70:30 and amaranth-lupin 85:15 were larger than amaranth bread, and had less reductions compared to whole wheat bread. The amaranth bread and breads substituted with soybean, lupin and navy bean flours showed significantly higher or similar springiness compared to the whole wheat flour breads because of their high proteins and water holding capacity. The firmness of bread using amaranth-soy 85:15 and 70:30, and amaranth-lupin 85:15 was improved by amaranth, which was very close to whole wheat bread. Amaranth breads with bean flours added high-value plant protein and nutrients in foods along with enhancing health benefits compared to the gluten-free bread using starches currently on market.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Functional Food Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    S. Liu & D. Chen

  2. Plant Polymer Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    J. Xu

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  1. S. Liu
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Liu, S., Chen, D. & Xu, J. Characterization of amaranth and bean flour blends and the impact on quality of gluten-free breads. Food Measure 13, 1440–1450 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-019-00060-4

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