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Descriptions of Three New Species and New Host or Distribution Records of Five Species of the Genus Kudoa (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) in Commercial Fishes Collected from South China Sea

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Abstract

Purpose

Myxosporeans of the genera Kudoa and Unicapsula (Cnidaria: Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) may be causative agents of diseases that substantially lower the commercial value of certain marine fishes; thus, species identification is important to effectively manage outbreaks and control infections.

Methods and Results

Our investigations of commercial fishes in the families Leiognathidae (three species), Ambassidae (one), Carangidae (five) and Gerreidae (one) in the South China Sea revealed new host records for Kudoa lutjanus (Ambassis martanus, and Gerres limbattus), Kudoa trachuri (Decapterus maruadsi, and Decapterus macrosoma), Kudoa uncinata (Photopectoralis bindus), and Kudoa longichorda (D. macrosoma) and new geographical distribution records for Kudoa javanensis (Alepes djedaba), K. trachuri, and K. longichorda. Moreover, three new Kudoa spp. were described based on detected specimens forming pseudocysts in trunk muscle myofibres. These included Kudoa corniculata n. sp. from Eubleekeria jonesi, and Leiognathus equulus; Kudoa hirsuta n. sp. from Trachurus japonicas, D. maruadsi, and D. macrosoma; and Kudoa parvibulvosa n. sp. from Megalaspis cordyla. To identify these species, their myxospores were morphologically and molecularly characterised based on the small and large subunits of their ribosomal RNA genes.

Conclusions

In this study, we demonstrated morphometric variations in the myxospores of various species and an atypical K. uncinata morphotype with unequal polar capsules. Hence, taxonomic identification of myxosporeans require molecular characterisation.

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Availability of Data and Materials

Myxosporean specimens collected for this study were deposited in the Meguro Parasitological Museum, Tokyo, Japan, under collection nos. 21659–21663, 21665–21701, and 21703. The nucleotide sequences obtained in this study are available from the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession nos. LC569705–LC569721 (host fish cox-1), and LC626058–LC626079 (parasite rDNA). The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Ph.D. Researcher (No: R17022) from the Faculty of Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University (YCL); Grant-in-Aid for Food Science and Research 2019 from The TOYO SUISAN FOUNDATION (HS); Grant-in-Aid for International Collaboration Research 2019 from the Goho Life Sciences International Fund 2019 (JYZ); and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant number 18K05995 (HS).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Ying-Chun Li and Ken Inoue contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Mazhang, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China

    Ying-Chun Li

  2. Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan

    Ken Inoue & Hiroshi Sato

  3. Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong Province, China

    Jin-Yong Zhang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China

    Jin-Yong Zhang

  5. Division of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan

    Hiroshi Sato

Authors
  1. Ying-Chun Li
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  2. Ken Inoue
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  3. Jin-Yong Zhang
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  4. Hiroshi Sato
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Sato.

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Li, YC., Inoue, K., Zhang, JY. et al. Descriptions of Three New Species and New Host or Distribution Records of Five Species of the Genus Kudoa (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) in Commercial Fishes Collected from South China Sea. Acta Parasit. 67, 976–996 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-022-00545-1

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