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Occurrence of Kudoa prunusi and K. lateolabracis (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) in Philippine-Sea Japanese parrotfish (Calotomus japonicus)

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Abstract

Multiple Kudoa spp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) have been recorded in Japanese parrotfish (Calotomus japonicus) from the Philippine Sea (Northwest Pacific Ocean), off southwestern Japan; Kudoa yasunagai in the brain, and K. igami, K. lateolabracis, and K. thalassomi in the muscles. This study examined eight Philippine Sea Japanese parrotfish samples collected in January and February 2019 and found K. prunusi in the brain (3–57 plasmodia/fish; average 17.9) and K. lateolabracis plasmodia in the trunk muscle of all fish individuals examined. The K. prunusi in this study was characterized by myxospores predominatetly with six shell valves (SVs) and a corresponding number of polar capsules (PCs), contrasting with the original description of the species from farmed Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) brain that characterized the species as having predominately five SVs/PCs. Molecular-genetic characterization of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes and mitochondrial DNA genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and small and large ribosomal RNA subunits) clearly differentiated the K. prunusi isolate from K. yasunagai, commonly characterized by six or seven, but rarely five, SVs/PCs myxospores. The Japanese parrotfish is a new host record for K. prunusi and speculated to be an important reservoir host in its natural waters. Kudoa lateolabracis myxospores isolated from pseudocysts in the myofiber were morphologically and phylogenetically close to a clade of the Kudoa spp. that exhibit cruciform myxospores similar to K. thyrsites. This study is the first to sequence a mitochondrial DNA of small and large subunit ribosomal RNA of K. lateolabracis.

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Funding

This study was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Food Science and Research 2019 from The Toyo Suisan Foundation (HS) and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant number 18K05995 (HS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan

    Ken Inoue, Imron Rosyadi & Hiroshi Sato

  2. Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan

    Akihiro Kasai & Hiroshi Sato

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  1. Ken Inoue
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  2. Akihiro Kasai
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Sato.

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Inoue, K., Kasai, A., Rosyadi, I. et al. Occurrence of Kudoa prunusi and K. lateolabracis (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) in Philippine-Sea Japanese parrotfish (Calotomus japonicus). Parasitol Res 121, 601–612 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07418-y

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