Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Probability of Formation of Wear Debris during Initial Running-In Period of Sliding Wear of Al-Si (LM13)-10 wt.% Fly Ash Composites

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, the effect of sliding distance on dry sliding wear behavior of LM 13 alloy reinforced with 10 wt.% fine fly ash particles was studied with special reference to the probability of formation of wear debris during the initial running-in period. The present test was conducted under varying sliding distance (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 m) at variable load 1, 2 and 3 kg and constant speed of 640 rpm. The worn-out surfaces were investigated under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that cracking of wear surface and formation of debris do not show any particular trend with sliding distance. The probability of formation of wear debris was calculated experimentally and also compared with Rowe’s theory of adhesion and fractal geometry model of wear prediction. SEM observation of wear surface suggested that the wear of material is controlled mainly by nucleation and propagation of cracks. The results clearly show that the mechanism of wear effected by the fracturing and work hardening of material.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. G. Stachowiak and A.W. Batchelor, Engineering Tribology, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2013

    Google Scholar 

  2. X.Y. Li and K.N. Tandon, Microstructural Characterization of Mechanically Mixed Layer and Wear Debris in Sliding Wear of an Al Alloy and an Al Based Composite, Wear, 2000, 245(1–2), p 148–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. S. Das, D.P. Mondal, S. Sawla, and S. Dixit, High Stress Abrasive Wear Mechanism of LM13-SiC Composite Under Varying Experimental Conditions, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2002, 33(9), p 3031–3044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M.Z. Khan, M. Anas, and A. Husain, Effect on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy Composites on Adding Ash as reinforcement Material, J. Met. Mater. Miner., 2015, 25, p 2

    Google Scholar 

  5. P.K. Rohatgi, D. Weiss, and N. Gupta, Applications of Fly Ash in Synthesizing Low-Cost MMCs for Automotive and Other Applications, JOM, 2006, 58(11), p 71–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S.J. Lin and K.S. Liu, Effect of Aging on Abrasion Rate in an SiC Composite, Wear, 1988, 121(1), p 1–4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. S. Basavarajappa, G. Chandramohan, R. Subramanian, and A. Chandrasekar, Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Al 2219/SiC Metal Matrix Composites, Mater. Sci. Pol., 2006, 24(2/1), p 357–366

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Sawla and S. Das, Combined Effect of Reinforcement and Heat Treatment on the Two-Body Abrasive Wear of Aluminum Alloy and Aluminum Particle Composites, Wear, 2004, 257(5–6), p 555–561

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. W. Aiguo and H.J. Rack, Abrasive Wear of Silicon Carbide Particulate—and Whisker-Reinforced 7091 Aluminum Matrix Composites, Wear, 1991, 146(2), p 337–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. B.K. Prasad, Abrasive Wear Characteristics of a Zinc-Based Alloy and Zinc-Alloy/SiC Composite, Wear, 2002, 252(3–4), p 250–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S.C. Sharma, B.M. Girish, B.M. Satish, and R. Kamath, Mechanical Properties of As-Cast and Heat-Treated ZA-27 Alloy/Short Glass Fiber Composites, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 1997, 7(1), p 93–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A.R. Riahi and A.T. Alpas, The Role of Tribo-Layers on the Sliding Wear Behavior of Graphitic Aluminum Matrix Composites, Wear, 2001, 251(1–12), p 1396–1407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. E. Hornbogen, The Role of Fracture Toughness in the Wear of Metals, Wear, 1975, 33(2), p 251–259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. P. Podra and S. Andersson, Simulating Sliding Wear with Finite Element Method, Tribol. Int., 1999, 32(2), p 71–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. B.C. Pai, P.K. Rohatgi, and S. Venkatesh, Wear Resistance of Cast Graphitic Aluminium Alloys, Wear, 1974, 30(1), p 117–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. H. Chen and A.T. Alpas, Sliding Wear Map for the Magnesium Alloy Mg-9Al-0.9 Zn (AZ91), Wear, 2000, 246(1–2), p 106–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Das, S.V. Prasad, and T.R. Ramachandran, Microstructure and Wear of Cast (Al-Si Alloy)-Graphite Composites, Wear, 1989, 133(1), p 173–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A.P. Sannino and H.J. Rack, Dry Sliding Wear of Discontinuously Reinforced Aluminum Composites: Review and Discussion, Wear, 1995, 189(1–2), p 1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. N. Axen and K.H. Zum Gahr, Abrasive Wear of TiC-Steel Composite Clad Layers on Tool Steel, Wear, 1992, 157(1), p 189–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Das, The Influence of Matrix Microstructure and Particle Reinforcement on the Two-Body Abrasive Wear of an Al-Si Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1997, 16(21), p 1757–1760

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. R.L. Deuis, C. Subramanian, and J.M. Yellup, Abrasive Wear of Aluminium Composites—A Review, Wear, 1996, 201(1–2), p 132–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. W.Q. Song, P. Krauklis, A.P. Mouritz, and S. Bandyopadhyay, The Effect of Thermal Ageing on the Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Age-Hardening 2014 Al/SiC and 6061 Al/SiC Composites, Wear, 1995, 185(1–2), p 125–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Q. Zhang, S. Wei, J. Gu, and M. Qi, High-Temperature Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Al-12Si-CuNiMg Alloy and its Al2O3 Fiber-Reinforced Composite, Met. Mater. Int., 2020, 3, p 1–1

    Google Scholar 

  24. A.M. Desai, T.R. Paul, and M. Mallik, Mechanical Properties and Wear Behavior of Fly Ash Particle Reinforced Al Matrix Composites, Mater. Res. Express., 2020, 7(1), p 016595

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. I. Dinaharan, R. Nelson, S.J. Vijay, and E.T. Akinlabi, Microstructure and Wear Characterization of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with Industrial Waste Fly Ash Particulates Synthesized by Friction Stir Processing, Mater. Charact., 2016, 1(118), p 149–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. A. MohammedRazzaq, D.L. Majid, M.R. Ishak, and U.M. Basheer, Effect of Fly Ash Addition on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of AA6063 Alloy Reinforcement, Metals, 2017, 7(11), p 477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. P. Shanmughasundaram, R. Subramanian, and G.J. Prabhu, Some Studies on Aluminium–Fly Ash Composites Fabricated by Two Step Stir Casting Method, Eur. J. Appl. Eng. Sci. Res., 2011, 63(2), p 204–218

    Google Scholar 

  28. ASTM G99-17, Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, www.astm.org

  29. C.N. Rowe, Some Aspects of the Heat of Adsorption in the Function of a Boundary Lubricant, ASLE Trans., 1966, 9(1), p 101–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. D. Tabor, Junction Growth in Metallic Friction: The Role of Combined Stresses and Surface Contamination, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A Math. Phys. Sci., 1959, 251(1266), p 378–393

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. K. Platzer, P. Bartelt, and M. Kern, Measurements of Dense Snow Avalanche Basal Shear to Normal Stress Ratios (S/N), Geophys. Res. Lett., 2007, 34, p 7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. G.Y. Zhou, M.C. Leu, and D. Blackmore, Fractal Geometry Model for Wear Prediction, Wear, 1993, 170(1), p 1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. A. Majumdar and B. Bhushan, Role of Fractal Geometry in Roughness Characterization and Contact Mechanics of Surfaces, J. Tribol., 1990, 111(2), p 205–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. J. Archard, Contact and Rubbing of Flat Surfaces, J. Appl. Phys., 1953, 24(8), p 981–988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. D.E. Lozano, R. Mercado-Solís, A. Juarez-Hernandez, M.A. Hernández-Rodríguez, and N.F. Garza-Montes-de-Oca, Wear Mechanisms Experienced by an Automotive Grade Al-Si-Cu Alloy Under Sliding Conditions, Ingeniería mecánica, tecnología y desarrollo., 2015, 5(3), p 339–345

    Google Scholar 

  36. T. Thankachan, K.S. Prakash, and V. Kavimani, Effect of Friction Stir Processing and Hybrid Reinforcements on Copper, Mater. Manuf. Processes, 2018, 33(15), p 1681–1692

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank the Director, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology, Sarang, Odisha, India, for his constant encouragement and support.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology, Sarang, Odisha, India

    Amulya Bihari Pattnaik

  2. CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, India

    Satyabrata Das

Authors
  1. Amulya Bihari Pattnaik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Satyabrata Das
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amulya Bihari Pattnaik.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pattnaik, A.B., Das, S. Probability of Formation of Wear Debris during Initial Running-In Period of Sliding Wear of Al-Si (LM13)-10 wt.% Fly Ash Composites. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 29, 7480–7487 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05211-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05211-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation