Abstract
Thin sheets of N155 superalloy were welded by AMS 5832 filler metal using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The purpose of this study is to investigate the characterization of microstructure and texture across the weldment using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. The results indicated that N155 superalloy with the crystal lattice (FCC) experienced annealing process before the welding, which made a lot of coherent twins be created in the base metal due to low stacking fault energy (SFE). Moreover, the coherent twins were created mainly in the heat-affected zone by the presence of cumulative stresses of the molten pool solidification shrinkage. Having the same crystal lattice (FCC), the base metal and the weld metal resulted in the formation of epitaxial grains with the preferred growth direction in the weld metal.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11665-020-04707-y/MediaObjects/11665_2020_4707_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11665-020-04707-y/MediaObjects/11665_2020_4707_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11665-020-04707-y/MediaObjects/11665_2020_4707_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11665-020-04707-y/MediaObjects/11665_2020_4707_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11665-020-04707-y/MediaObjects/11665_2020_4707_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11665-020-04707-y/MediaObjects/11665_2020_4707_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11665-020-04707-y/MediaObjects/11665_2020_4707_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11665-020-04707-y/MediaObjects/11665_2020_4707_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11665-020-04707-y/MediaObjects/11665_2020_4707_Fig9_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11665-020-04707-y/MediaObjects/11665_2020_4707_Fig10_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11665-020-04707-y/MediaObjects/11665_2020_4707_Fig11_HTML.jpg)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M.J. Donachie Jr., Relationship of Properties to Microstructure in Superalloys. American Society for Metals. Superalloys Source Book, 1984, p 102–111.
M. Durand-Charre, The Microstructure of Superalloys, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1998
K. Flores and C. Yablinsky, Nickel-Based Superalloys for Advanced Turbine Engines, 2006.
H.R. Ashtiani and P. Rezaei Karami, Prediction of the Microstructural Variations of Coldeworked Pure Aluminum during Annealing Process, Model. Numer. Simul. Mater. Sci., 2015, 5, p 1–14
C.M. Sellars and J.A. Whiteman, Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Hot Rolling, Met. Sci., 1979, 13, p 187–194
V.K. Heikkinen, Transformation Twins in V-Bearing Mild Steels, Scand. J. Metall., 1974, 3, p 41–45
G.E. Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Maidenhead, 1988
C. Hwang and I.M. Bernstein, Hydrogen Induced Slip and Twinning in Iron Alloys, Scr. Metall., 1982, 16, p 85–90
X.P. Chen, L.F. Li, H.F. Sun, L.X. Wang, and Q. Liu, Studies on the Evolution of Annealing Twins during Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Highly Rolled Pure Nickel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2015, 622, p 108–113
Y. Jin, B. Lin, M. Bernacki, G.S. Rohrer, A.D. Rollett, and N. Bozzolo, Annealing Twin Development during Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Pure Nickel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2014, 597, p 295–303
X.H. Zhang, J.Q. Chen, and K. Zhang, Study on Grain Refinement of Nickel-Based Filler Metal 52 M Microstructure by Pulse TIG Welding, in 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics Engineering and Information Technology (ICMEIT 2017), Atlantis Press, 2017.
V. Randle, Mechanism of Twinning-Induced Grain Boundary Engineering in Low Stacking Fault Energy Materials, Acta Mater., 1999, 47(15-16), p 4187–4196
G. Gindraux and W. Form, New Concepts of Annealing-Twin Formation in Face Centred Cubic Metals, J. Inst. Metals, 1973, 101, p 85–93
R.L. Fullman and J.C. Fisher, Formation of Annealing Twins During Grain Growth, J. Appl. Phys., 1951, 22(11), p 1350–1355
B.J. Pestman et al., Interaction Between Lattice Dislocations and Grain Boundaries in FCC and Ordered Compounds: A Computer Simulation, Philos. Mag. A, 1991, 64(4), p 951–969
S. Poulat, B. Decamps, and L. Priester, Weak-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Dislocation Accommodation Processes in Nickel Σ = 3 Grain Boundaries, Philos. Mag. A, 1998, 77(6), p 1381–1397
J. Jensen, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, 2001, p 318–322.
M. Miszczyk, Microstructure and Texture Evolution during Annealing of Plane Strain Compressed Al and Al-1% Mn Alloy Single Crystals, Arch. Metall. Mater., 2011, 56(4), p 933–938
C.W. Sinclair, F. Robaut, L. Maniguet, J.D. Mithieux, J.H. Schmitt, and Y. Brechet, Recrystallization and Texture in a Ferritic Stainless Steel: An EBSD Study, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2003, 5, p 570–574
K.E. Easterling, Introduction to the Physical Metallurgy of Welding, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Oxford, 1992
G. Spanos, R.W. Fonda, R.A. Vandermeer, and A. Matuszeski, Microstructural Changes in HSLA-100 Steel Thermally Cycled to Simulate the Heat-Affected Zone during Welding, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1995, 26, p 3277–3293
H.W. Paxton, Experimental Verification of the Twin System in Alpha-Iron, Acta Metall., 1953, 1, p 141–143
K. Poorhaydari, B.M. Patchett, and D.G. Ivey, Transformation Twins in the Weld HAZ of a Low-Carbon High-Strength Microalloyed Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, 435, p 371–382
S. Kou, Welding Metallurgy, Second Edition 2003, p 170–176.
S.A. David, S.S. Babu, and J.M. Vitek, Welding: Solidification and Microstructure, JOM, 2003, 55(6), p 14–20
A. Basak and S. Das, Epitaxy and Microstructure Evolution in Metal Additive Manufacturing, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 2016, 46(1), p 125–149
E. Hinchy, M.J. Pomeroy, and J. Michael, The Effect of Single Crystal and Welded Substrates on the Development of Braze Microstructures, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 690, p 856–863
A. Keshavarzkermani, M. Sadowski, and L. Ladani, Direct Metal Laser Melting of Inconel 718: Process Impact on Grain Formation and Orientation, J. Alloys Compd., 2018, 736, p 297–305
Z. Lei and N. Lu, Epitaxy and New Stray Grain Formation Mechanism during Epitaxial Laser Melting Deposition of Inconel 718 on Directionally Solidified Nickel-Based Superalloys, J. Manuf. Process., 2019, 42, p 11–19
T.M. Pollock and W.H. Murphy, The Breakdown of Single-Crystal Solidification in High Refractory Nickel-Base Alloys, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, 27(4), p 1081–1094
T.D. Anderson, J.N. DuPont, and T. DebRoy, Stray Grain Formation in Welds of Single Crystal Ni-Base Superalloy CMSX-4, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2010, 41(1), p 181–193
M. Gaumann, S. Henry, F. Cleton, J.D. Wagniere, and W. Kurz, Epitaxial Laser Metal Forming: Analysis of Microstructure Formation, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1999, 271(1), p 232–241
G. Palumbo, K.T. Aust, E.M. Lehockey, U. Erb, and P. Lin, On a More Restrictive Geometric Criterion for “Special” CSL Grain Boundaries, Scr. Mater., 1998, 38, p 1685–1690
K.J. Al-Fadhalah, Texture and Grain Boundary Character Distribution in a Thermomechanically Processed OFHC Copper, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2012, 134, p 011001–011009
G. Chen, Y. Zhang, D.K. Xu, Y.C. Lin, and X. Chen, Low Cycle Fatigue and Creepfatigue Interaction Behavior of Nickel-Base Superalloy GH4169 at Elevated Temperature of 650°C, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, 655, p 175–182
K. Deepak, M. Sumantra, C.N. Athreya, D.I. Kim, and B. de Boer, Implication of Grain Boundary Engineering on High Temperature Hot Corrosion of Alloy 617, Corros. Sci., 2016, 106, p 293–297
B. Li and S. Tin, The Role of Deformation Temperature and Strain on Grain Boundary Engineering of Inconel 600, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2014, 603, p 104–113
A. Rollett, F.J. Humphreys, and G.S. Rohrer, Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2004
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shamanian, M., Rahimi, A. & Szpunar, J.A. Characterization of Microstructure and Texture across N155 Superalloy Weldment Joint with Austenitic Filler Metal. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 29, 1964–1973 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04707-y
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04707-y