Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High-Temperature Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo Alloy with Lamellar Microstructure Under Plane-Strain Compression

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

High-temperature plane-strain compression of a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo (Ti-6242) alloy with a lamellar structure was applied by a thermal simulation machine Gleeble 3800 at a temperature of 1223-1370 K and a strain rate of 0.01-10 s−1. Constitutive relations between the flow stress and strain at different temperatures and strain rates were constructed based on the Arrhenius equation. Processing maps based on the dynamic material model at strains of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.25 were also constructed to analyze the mechanism and instability of high-temperature deformation. Dynamic recrystallization was found to occur at 1223-1313 K and 0.01-0.1 s−1, with a peak efficiency of power dissipation of 70%. Observations of the microstructure demonstrated that α platelets and dynamic globularization were responsible for dynamic softening in the α + β phase field. Flow instability behaviors occurred at 1263-1343 K/1.78-10 s−1, 1233-1283 K/0.1-3.16 s−1, and 1353-1373 K/0.56-1.78 s−1, and adiabatic shear bands and microcracks were observed in these domains. Thus, for the lamellar Ti-6242 alloy, the recommended hot rolling parameters were 1243-1333 K and 0.01-0.1 s−1. Electron backscattered diffraction results revealed that the dynamic restoration mechanism in the β phase field was dynamic recovery when the strain rate was as high as 10 s−1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E.L. Odenberger, R. Pederson, and M. Oldenburg, Thermo-Mechanical Material Response and Hot Sheet Metal Forming of Ti-6242, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, 489(1–2), p 158–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Y.V.R.K. Prasad, H.L. Gegel, S.M. Doraivelu, J.C. Malas, J.T. Morgan, K.A. Lark, and D.R. Barker, Modeling of Dynamic Material Behavior in Hot Deformation: Forging of Ti-6242, Metall. Trans. A, 1984, 15(10), p 1883–1892

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J.G. Lenard, Development of An Experimental Facility for Single and Multistage, Constant Strain Rate Compression, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 1985, 107, p 126–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. O. Pawelski and V. Gopinathan, Comparison of Material Flow and Deformation Resistance of HSLA Steel Deformed by Hot Rolling and by Flat Compression Under Simulated Conditions, J. Mech. Work. Technol., 1981, 5(3-4), p 267–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. S.F. Wong, P.D. Hodgson, and P.F. Thomson, Comparison of Torsion and Plane-Strain Compression for Predicting Mean Yield Strength in Single- and Multiple-Pass Flat Rolling Using Lead to Model Hot Steel, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1995, 53(3-4), p 601–616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. H.J. McQueen, The Production and Utility of Recovered Dislocation Substructures, Metall. Trans. A, 1977, 8(6), p 807–824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. S.L. Semiatin, V. Seetharaman, and I. Weiss, Flow Behavior and Globularization Kinetics During Hot Working of Ti-6Al-4V with a Colony Alpha Microstructure, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1999, 263(2), p 257–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. P. Gao, M. Zhan, X. Fan, Z. Lei, and Y. Cai, Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of TA15 Titanium Alloy with Nonuniform Microstructure, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, 689, p 243–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. S.L. Semiatin and T.R. Bieler, The Effect of Alpha Platelet Thickness on Plastic Flow During Hot Working of Ti-6Al-4V with a Transformed Microstructure, Acta Mater., 2001, 49(17), p 3565–3573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Z.X. Zhang, S.J. Qu, A.H. Feng, J. Shen, and D.L. Chen, Hot Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: Effect of Initial Microstructure, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 718, p 170–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R.G. Guan, Y.T. Je, Z.Y. Zhao, and C.S. Lee, Effect of Microstructure on Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy During Compressing Process, Mater. Des., 2012, 36, p 796–803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Y.V.R.K. Prasad, T. Seshacharyulu, S.C. Medeiros, and W.G. Frazier, Effect of Prior β-Grain Size on the Hot Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V: Coarse vs Coarser, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2000, 9, p 153–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. A.B. Li, L.J. Huang, Q.Y. Meng, L. Geng, and X.P. Cui, Hot Working of Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Zr-0.3Si Alloy with Lamellar α + β Starting Structure Using Processing Map, Mater. Des., 2009, 30(5), p 1625–1631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. L.J. Huang, L. Geng, A.B. Li, X.P. Cui, H.Z. Li, and G.S. Wang, Characteristics of Hot Compression Behavior of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si Alloy with an Equiaxed Microstructure, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 505(1–2), p 136–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. T. Seshacharyulu, S.C. Medeiros, W.G. Frazier, and Y.V.R.K. Prasad, Microstructural Mechanisms During Hot Working of Commercial Grade Ti-6Al-4V with Lamellar Starting Structure, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2002, 325(1–2), p 112–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. X.A. Nie, Z. Hu, H.Q. Liu, D.Q. Yi, T.Y. Chen, B.F. Wang et al., High Temperature Deformation and Creep Behavior of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Fe-1Cr Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2014, 613(9), p 306–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L. Cheng, X. Xue, B. Tang, D. Liu, J. Li, H. Kou et al., Deformation Behavior of Hot-Rolled IN718 Superalloy Under Plane Strain Compression at Elevated Temperature, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2014, 606, p 24–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. G. Xiao, Q.W. Yang, and L.I. Luo-Xing, Modeling Constitutive Relationship of 6013 Aluminum Alloy During Hot Plane Strain Compression Based on Kriging Method, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2016, 26(4), p 1096–1104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. E. Ghanbari, A. Zarei-Hanzaki, E. Farghadany, H.R. Abedi, and S. Khoddam, High-Temperature Deformation Characteristics of a β-Type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2016, 25, p 1554–1561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Y.C. Lin and X.M. Chen, A Critical Review of Experimental Results and Constitutive Descriptions for Metals and Alloys in Hot Working, Mater. Des., 2011, 32(4), p 1733–1759

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. C. Zener and H. Hollomon, Effect of Strain Rate Upon Plastic Flow of Steel, J. Appl. Phys., 1944, 15(1), p 22–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. H. Li, Z. Zhao, H. Guo, Z. Yao, Y. Ning, X. Miao et al., Effect of Initial Alpha Lamellar Thickness on Deformation Behavior of a Near-α High-Temperature Alloy During Thermomechanical Processing, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, 682, p 345–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Y.C. Lin, M.S. Chen, and J. Zhong, Constitutive Modeling for Elevated Temperature Flow Behavior of 42CrMo Steel, Comput. Mater. Sci., 2008, 42(3), p 470–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. X. He, Z. Yu, G. Liu, W. Wang, and X. Lai, Mathematical Modeling for High Temperature Flow Behavior of as-cast Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W, B, Y) Alloy, Mater. Des., 2009, 30(1), p 166–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. J. Cai, F. Li, T. Liu, B. Chen, and M. He, Constitutive Equations for Elevated Temperature Flow Stress of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Considering the Effect of Strain, Mater. Des., 2011, 32(3), p 1144–1151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. L. Li and M. Li, Constitutive Model and Optimal Processing Parameters of TC17 Alloy with a Transformed Microstructure Via Kinetic Analysis and Processing Maps, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, 698, p 302–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Y.V.R.K. Prasad and T. Seshacharyulu, Processing Maps for Hot Working of Titanium Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1998, 243(1–2), p 82–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Y.V.R.K. Prasad and T. Seshacharyulu, Modelling of Hot Deformation for Microstructural Control, Int. Mater. Rev., 1998, 43(6), p 243–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. M.Q. Li and W.F. Zhang, Effect of Hydrogen on Processing Maps in Isothermal Compression of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 502(1-2), p 32–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. R. Zhang, D. Wang, S. Liu, H. Ding, and S. Yuan, Hot Deformation Characterization of Lamellar Ti-43Al-2Si Alloy Fabricated by Cold Crucible Continuous Casting, J. Alloys Compd., 2016, 688, p 542–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Y.Q. Ning, B.C. Xie, H.Q. Liang, H. Li, X.M. Yang, and H.Z. Guo, Dynamic Softening Behavior of TC18 Titanium Alloy During Hot Deformation, Mater. Des., 2015, 71, p 68–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. S.I. Oh, S.L. Semiatin, and J.J. Jonas, An Analysis of the Isothermal Hot Compression Test, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1992, 23(3), p 963–975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. P. Dadras and J.F. Thomas, Characterization and Modeling for Forging Deformation of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1981, 12(11), p 1867–1876

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. C. Zhang, L. Zhang, W. Shen, C. Liu, Y. Xia, and R. Li, Study on Constitutive Modeling and Processing Maps for Hot Deformation of Medium Carbon Cr-Ni-Mo Alloyed Steel, Mater. Des., 2016, 90, p 804–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Eskandari, M.A. Mohtadi-Bonab, A. Zarei-Hanzaki, A.G. Odeshi, and J.A. Szpunar, High-Resolution EBSD Study of Adiabatic Shear Band and Neighboring Grains After Dynamic Impact Loading of Mn-Steel Used in Vehicle Structure, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2016, 25, p 1611–1620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Z. Yuan, F. Li, H. Qiao, and G. Ji, Constitutive Flow Behavior and Hot Workability of AerMet100 at Elevated Temperatures, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2014, 23, p 1981–1999

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. B.F. Wang, J. Li, J.Y. Sun, X.Z. Luo, Z.L. Liu, and H.Q. Liu, Adiabatic Shear Bands in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Lamellar Microstructure, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2014, 23, p 1896–1903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. J.A. Hines and K.S. Vecchio, Recrystallization Kinetics Within Adiabatic Shear Bands, Acta Mater., 1997, 45(2), p 635–649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. N. Gey and M. Humbert, Characterization of the Variant Selection Occurring During the α → β → α Phase Transformations of a Cold Rolled Titanium Sheet, Acta Mater., 2002, 50(2), p 277–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The present work was supported by BAOTI Group Co. Ltd., which provided the as-received thick plates of Ti-6242 alloy and the Gleeble 3800 thermal mechanical simulator. The authors at the BAOTI Group Co. Ltd. also thank the Scientific Coordination and Innovation Engineering Project of Shaanxi Province. One of the authors (Prof. Yong Jiang) also acknowledges partial financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China (Sub-contractno.2014CB644001-2). The authors are very grateful to Dr. Jianguo Tang, Associate Professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, for helpful discussions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

    Yu Xiao, Huiqun Liu, Danqing Yi, Jianwen Le, Hangwei Zhou & Yong Jiang

  2. BAOTI Group Ltd, Baoji, 721014, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaolong Zhao, Zhanqian Chen, Jian Wang & Qi Gao

Authors
  1. Yu Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Huiqun Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Danqing Yi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jianwen Le
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hangwei Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yong Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xiaolong Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Zhanqian Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jian Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Qi Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Huiqun Liu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xiao, Y., Liu, H., Yi, D. et al. High-Temperature Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo Alloy with Lamellar Microstructure Under Plane-Strain Compression. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 27, 4941–4954 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3573-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3573-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation