Abstract
Laser cladding of Colmonoy-5 (a nickel base alloy) and Metco-41C (an iron base alloy) on AISI type 316L stainless steel (SS316L) and their wear behaviors were investigated to establish Co-free clad layers for potential applications in nuclear industry. A 3.5 kW CO2 laser-based system was used to optimize the laser cladding on SS316L substrate. The observed optimum parameters were: laser power of 1.6 kW, scan speed of 0.6 m/min, and powder feed rate of 8 g/min with 60% overlapping. The microstructure studies revealed that the clad layers primarily comprise very fine columnar dendritic structures, while clad-substrate interface exhibited planar and non-epitaxial mode of solidification due to high cooling rates. The cavitation and slurry erosion behaviors of laser clad layers were also compared to that of Stellite-6 for potential direct replacement. The cavitation erosion resistance was improved by a factor of 1.6, 3.7, and 4.1, while the slurry erosion resistances at an impingement angle of 30° were 1.5, 4.8, and 1.8 times better for laser clad surfaces of Colmonoy-5, Metco-41C, and Stellite-6, respectively, as compared to that of bare SS316L substrate. The study demonstrated that Metco-41C is a better choice as Co-free clad material for potential nuclear applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C.P. Paul, P. Bhargava, A. Kumar, and L.M. Kukreja, Laser-Assisted Manufacturing: Fundamentals, Current Scenario, and Future Applications, Nontraditional Machining Processes, J. Paulo Davim, Ed., Springer, London, 2013, p 1–34
E. Toyserkani, A. Khajepour, and S. Corbin, Laser Cladding, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005
G. Fu, S. Liu, and J. Fan, The Design of Cobalt-Free, Nickel-Based Alloy Powder (Ni-3) Used for Sealing Surfaces of Nuclear Power Valves and Its Structure of Laser Cladding Coating, J. Nucl. Eng. Des., 2011, 241(5), p 1403–1406
S. Shi, A. Xu, J. Fan, and H. Wei, Study of Cobalt-Free, Fe-Based Alloy Powder Used for Sealing Surfaces of Nuclear Valves by Laser Cladding, J Nucl. Eng. Des., 2012, 245, p 8–12
A.K. Bhaduri, S.K. Albert, C.R. Das, and B. Raj, Hardfacing of Austenitic Stainless Steel with Nickel-Base Ni Cr Alloy, Int. J. Microstruct. Mater. Prop., 2011, 6(1–2), p 40–53
V. Ramasubbu, G. Chakraborty, S.K. Albert, and A.K. Bhaduri, Effect of Dilution on GTAW Colmonoy 6 (AWS NiCr-C) Hardface Deposit Made on 316LN Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2011, 27(2), p 573–580
H. Zhanga, Y. Shia, M. Kutsunab, and G.J. Xuc, Laser Cladding of Colmonoy 6 Powder on AISI316L Austenitic Stainless Steel, J. Nucl. Eng. Des., 2010, 240, p 2691–2696
Y.L. Yuan and Z.G. Li, Microstructure and Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Fe-Based (Cr, Fe)7C3 Composite Coating Fabricated by PTA Welding Process, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22(11), p 3439–3449
B.S. Mann, V. Arya, and B.K. Pant, High-Power Diode Laser Surface Treated HVOF Coating to Combat High Energy Particle Impact Wear, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22(7), p 1995–2004
C. Guo, J. Zhou, J. Chen, J. Zhao, Y. Yu, and H. Zhou, High Temperature Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding NiCrBSi and NiCrBSi/WC-Ni Composite Coatings, Wear, 2011, 270, p 492–498
S.W. Huang, D. Nolan, and M. Brandt, Abrasive Wear Performance and Microstructure of Laser Clad WC/Ni Layers, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2003, 165, p 26–34
M. Chao, W. Wang, E. Liang, and D. Ouyang, Microstructure and Wear Resistance of TaC Reinforced Ni-Based Coating by Laser Cladding, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202(10), p 1918–1922
B. Han, M. Li, and Y. Wang, Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Clad Fe-Cr3C2 Composite Coating on 35CrMo Steel, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22(12), p 3749–3754
C. Chen, X. Xing, Q. Cao, M. Zhang, Q. Chang, and S. Zhang, Laser Surface Cladding of Plastic-Molded Steel 718H by CoCrMo Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2012, 21(6), p 946–950
S.S. Basha, V.M. Periasamy, M. Kamaraj, and S.M. Shariff, Improvement of Slurry Erosion Wear Resistance of 16Cr-5Ni Martensite Stainless Steel by LSA and LTH, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22(12), p 3689–3698
R. Singh, M. Kumar, D. Kumar, and SumanK Mishra, Erosion and Corrosion Behavior of Laser Cladded Stainless Steels with Tungsten Carbide, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2012, 21(11), p 2274–2282
J.S. Xu, X.C. Zhang, F.Z. Xuan, Z.D. Wang, and S.T. Tu, Microstructure and Sliding Wear Resistance of Laser Cladded WC/Ni Composite Coatings with Different Contents of WC Particle, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2012, 21(9), p 1904–1911
C.P. Paul, P. Bhargava, A. Kumar, A.K. Pathak, and L.M. Kukreja, Laser Rapid Manufacturing: Technology, Applications, Modeling and Future Prospects, Lasers in Manufacturing, J. Paulo-Davim, Ed., ISTE-Wiley, London, 2012, p 1–67
G.R. Desale, C.P. Paul, B.K. Gandhi, and S.C. Jain, Erosion Wear Behavior of Laser Clad Surfaces of low Carbon Austenitic Steel, Wear, 2009, 266(9–10), p 975–987
http://www.sulzer.com/en//media/Documents/ProductsAndServices/Coating_Materials/ThermalSpray/Brochures/TS_MaterialGuide_EN_052012.pdf. Accessed 19th June 2014.
http://www.wallcolmonoy.fr/pdf/selector-chart-colmonoy_rev.pdf. Accessed 19th June 2014.
http://www.stellite.co.uk/Portals/0/Stellite%206%20Final.pdf. Accessed 19th June 2014.
C.P. Paul, Amit Jain, P. Ganesh, J. Negi, and A.K. Nath, Laser Rapid Manufacturing of Colmonoy Components, Laser Opt Eng, 2006, 44(10), p 1096–1109
American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus, ASTM G 32-10, ASTM, West Conshohocken, 2003
T.A.M. Haemers, D.G. Rickerby, F. Lanza, F. Geiger, and E.J. Mittemeijer, Hardfacing of Stainless Steel with Laser Melted Colmonoy, J. Mater. Sci., 2000, 35(22), p 5691–5698
S. Hattori and N. Mikami, Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Stellite Alloy Weld Overlays, Wear, 2009, 267(11), p 1954–1960
M. Lee, Y. Kima, Y. Oh, Y. Kim, S. Lee, H. Honga, and S. Kim, Study on the Cavitation Erosion Behavior of Hardfacing Alloys for Nuclear Power Industry, Wear, 2003, 255(1-6), p 157–161
Acknowledgments
The authors thankfully acknowledge the fruitful discussions with Dr. Atul Kumar and experimental/technical support extended by Mr. S.K. Mishra, Mr. Prem Singh, Mr. S.K. Perkar, and Mr. Anil Adbol. The work was financially supported by Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS), Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Paul, C.P., Gandhi, B.K., Bhargava, P. et al. Cobalt-Free Laser Cladding on AISI Type 316L Stainless Steel for Improved Cavitation and Slurry Erosion Wear Behavior. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 23, 4463–4471 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1244-9
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1244-9