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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Cerium on Structural and Dielectric Properties of Modified BiFeO3-PbTiO3 Ceramics for Photovoltaic Applications

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Abstract

In this communication, the cerium (Ce) modified (Bi0.4Fe0.4)(Pb0.6Ti0.3Ce0.3)O3 (BF-PT) ceramics is prepared by conventional solid-state reaction technique. The compound is found to crystallize in the rhombohedral crystal system with space group R-3c (#167). The refined lattice parameters are a = b = 4.989 Å, c = 17.062 Å, \(\alpha = \beta = 90^{^\circ } , \gamma = 120^{^\circ }\), V = 367.78 Å3 and \( \rho = 2.71\) g/cm3 (JCPDS No.-00-005-0586). The average crystallite size and lattice micro-strain in the ceramics are estimated at 47.6 nm and 0.117% respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicates low porosity and well-defined grain boundaries, with an average grain size of 13.7 μm. Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of all constituent elements and ferroelectric character. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy analysis suggests a bandgap of 1.72 eV for the modified BF-BT ceramics, which is suitable for photovoltaic applications. The study of complex impedance suggests a Cole–Cole-type relaxation with a decrease in bulk resistance from 6.283 × 1013 Ω cm2 at 25°C to 1.783 × 104 Ω cm2 at 500°C, confirming the negative temperature coefficient of resistance. The calculated activation energies are 849.8 meV, 706.5 meV, 575.1 meV, and 499.4 meV at 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1000 kHz, indicating ionization of oxygen vacancy and the involvement of the released electrons in the hopping conduction process, and support a thermally activated conduction mechanism. The increase in the peak frequency difference between the \( Z^{{{\prime \prime }}}\) and \(M^{{{\prime \prime }}}\) spectrum with temperature suggesting a non-Debye-type relaxation in the material. The material is characterized to a high dielectric constant and low tangent loss suitable for optoelectronic devices.

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Change history

  • 28 January 2022

    Editor’s Note: Readers are alerted that the reliability of data presented in this article is currently in question. Appropriate editorial action will be taken once all parties have had the opportunity to respond in full.

  • 25 April 2022

    This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09649-w

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to extend their gratitude and sincere thanks to our host institute for providing XRD and electrical characterization.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751030, India

    S. K. Parida, M. K. Swain & RNP Choudhary

  2. P.G. Department of Physics Government (Auto) College Angul, Angul, 759143, India

    R. K. Bhuyan

  3. Department of Physics, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, India

    B. Kisan

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  1. S. K. Parida
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This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09649-w

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Parida, S.K., Swain, M.K., Bhuyan, R.K. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Cerium on Structural and Dielectric Properties of Modified BiFeO3-PbTiO3 Ceramics for Photovoltaic Applications. Journal of Elec Materi 50, 4685–4695 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-09016-1

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