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Phosphorus-Doped Carbon Composites with Rich Graphene Derived from Phenol Resin as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials with High Window Potential and Energy Density

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Abstract

We reported a simple one-step way for synthesizing phosphorus-doped (P-doped) carbon composites with rich graphene (P-CCG) in this study. We prepared P-CCG in the presence of KCl molten salt at 750°C by using soluble phenolic resole and triphenylphosphine as carbon and phosphorus resources, respectively. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental mapping, we detected the existence of P while the structure and morphology of P-CCG were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The morphology of P-CCG displayed that where scattered porous carbons exist, the graphene sheets chiefly constituted the composites. To further inquire into the influence of P doping, the electrochemical properties of P-CCG were tested by using P-CCG as the electrode material of button-type supercapacitors whose aqueous electrolyte was 6 M KOH. The results suggested P-CCG showed great improvements such as higher specific capacitance and strengthened cycling stability after 5000 cycles, compared with undoped carbon composites. The ideal sample, P0.4-CCG, offered outstanding capacitive behavior, including a larger specific capacitance of 277 F g−1, wide voltage window of 1.6 V and, a higher energy density of 26.42 Wh kg−1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China

    Jianyu Zhang, Sikander Ali, Fugui Liu & Ahmad Ali

  2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Jianyu Zhang, Kang Wang & Xitao Wang

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  1. Jianyu Zhang
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  2. Sikander Ali
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  3. Fugui Liu
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  4. Ahmad Ali
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  5. Kang Wang
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  6. Xitao Wang
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Correspondence to Xitao Wang.

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Zhang, J., Ali, S., Liu, F. et al. Phosphorus-Doped Carbon Composites with Rich Graphene Derived from Phenol Resin as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials with High Window Potential and Energy Density. J. Electron. Mater. 48, 4196–4206 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07188-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07188-5

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