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Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Properties of a Selectively Laser Melted CoNi-Base Superalloy

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Abstract

A high \(\gamma ^{\prime }\) volume fraction CoNi-base superalloy with roughly equal amounts of cobalt and nickel was successfully processed through selective laser melting. The as-printed alloy has a fine cellular structure with segregation of tantalum and significant built-in misorientation within the columnar grain structure. The microstructure evolution after various heat treatments was studied by electron backscatter diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Super-solvus solution heat treatment promotes complete recrystallization of the microstructure which degrades elevated temperature tensile ductility. Post-processing involving sub-solvus hot isostatic pressing, solution heat treatment, and aging produces a bimodal \(\gamma ^{\prime }\) distribution while retaining a grain structure similar to the as-printed alloy. The evolution of the precipitate structure was strongly influenced by the cellular structure of the as-printed material. Peak hardness was reached after 2 hours of aging at 950 \(^{\circ }\hbox {C}\). Increasing the carbon content of the alloy promotes the formation of additional carbides on the grain boundaries. Room temperature and intermediate temperature (760 \(^{\circ }\hbox {C}\)) tensile testing measured parallel and perpendicular to the build direction revealed that the new heat treatments and carbon additions to the alloy resulted in improved yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Notes

  1. Inconel® is a registered trademark of Huntington Alloys Corporation.

  2. CMSX-4® & CM 247 LC® are registered trademarks of Cannon-Muskegon Corporation.

  3. SLM 125® is a registered trademark of SLM Solutions Group AG Stock Corporation.

  4. Instron® & Vibromet® are registered trademarks of Illinois Tool Works Inc. Corporation.

  5. Keyence® is a registered trademark of Keyence Corporation.

  6. Thermo Fisher Scientific® is a registered trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Corporation.

  7. FEI\(^{\mathrm{TM}}\) & Versa\(^{\mathrm{TM}}\) are trademarks of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Corporation.

  8. OIM Analysis\(^{\mathrm{TM}}\) is a trademark of AMETEK Inc.

  9. FEI\(^{\mathrm{TM}}\), Dualbeam\(^{\mathrm{TM}}\), and Talos\(^{\mathrm{TM}}\) are trademarks of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Corporation

  10. Hastelloy® is a registered trademark of Haynes International Inc. Corporation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge funding for this research provided by a Department of Defense (DoD) Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship, Grant ONR N00014-18-3031. In addition, tuition and stipend funding was provided to S.P.M. by a DoD National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. The research reported here made use of shared facilities of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) at UC-Santa Barbara, DMR-172025. The UC-Santa Barbara MRSEC is a member of the Materials Research Facilities Network (www.mrfn.org). A portion of this research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC and performed in partiality at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, an Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy user facility. The authors acknowledge Quintus for HIP treatments applied to alloys in this study. The authors would like to acknowledge James Lamb for developing the python script used to analyze the DTA heating curves.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA

    Sean P. Murray, Evan B. Raeker, Kira M. Pusch, Carolina Frey, Chris J. Torbet & Tresa M. Pollock

  2. R &D Department, Carpenter Technology Corp., Reading, PA, 19612, USA

    Ning Zhou, Stéphane A. J. Forsik, Austin D. Dicus & Gian A. Colombo

  3. Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA

    Michael M. Kirka

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Conflict of interest

UCSB has a pending patent (T.M.P. and S.P.M. as inventors) on SB–CoNi-alloys: High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Co-based Gamma/Gamma Prime Alloys DMREF-Co, US patent application number US16/375,687, publication number US20200140978A1, international patent application number PCT/US2019/025882, international publication number WO2019195612A1. All other authors declare no competing interests.

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Murray, S.P., Raeker, E.B., Pusch, K.M. et al. Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Properties of a Selectively Laser Melted CoNi-Base Superalloy. Metall Mater Trans A 53, 2943–2960 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-022-06716-z

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