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Structural, theoretical, and experimental study of AC electrical conduction mechanism and thermodynamic properties of Cu0.6Cd0.4Cr2O4 spinel oxide

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Abstract

In this work, Cu0.6Cd0.4Cr2O4 spinel oxide was synthesized by means of sol–gel auto-combustion route. The refined X-ray powder diffraction pattern confirmed the single-phase formation of the material, which crystallized in a cubic spinel structure with space group Fd-3 m. The alternating current conduction mechanism and modulus behavior of this sample were investigated over a broad frequency range (from 100 Hz to 1.6 MHz) for various temperatures ranging from 300 to 660 K. Two equivalent circuit models, R//C//CPE below 440 K and above this temperature R1//C1//CPE1 in series with R2//CPE2, were applied to fit the impedance data. The temperature dependence of the direct current conductivity could be described in terms of Arrhenius relation with four activation energies, 1.8 eV, 0.76 eV, 0.80 eV, and 0.98 eV, in regions I (T < 360 K); II (360–420 K); III (440–500 K); and IV (T > 500 K), respectively. The temperature and frequency dependence of AC conductivity was found to satisfy Jonscher’s law (developed) at different temperatures. The variation of the exponent “s” with temperature strongly suggests that the conduction mechanism takes place by correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model in each region. A theoretical study of (AC) electrical conduction in this material has been interpreted using Elliot’s theory, and Elliot’s parameters are determined. For the modulus formalism, the extracted activation energies from the linear fit of ln(fp) as a function of 1000/T match well with those obtained from DC conductivity confirming that transport mechanisms were based on hopping phenomena.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support of the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in the field of scientific research and technology.

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number 2021/01/18109.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Unit of Valorization and Optimization of Exploitation of Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University Campus Agricultural City, University of Kairouan, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia

    Sarra Hajlaoui, M. Nasri & J. Khelifi

  2. Laboratory for Spectroscopic Characterization and Optics of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia

    Sondes Hajlaoui

  3. Laboratoire de Physique Des Matériaux Et Des Nanomatériaux Appliquée À L’Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Université de Gabès, 6079, Gabès, Tunisia

    Omayma Amorri & Kamel Khirouni

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia

    Bandar Alzahrani & Mohamed Lamjed Bouazizi

  5. Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Gabes (ISSATG), Uinversity of Gabes, Riyadh City Zrig, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia

    J. Khelifi

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  1. Sarra Hajlaoui
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Hajlaoui, S., Hajlaoui, S., Amorri, O. et al. Structural, theoretical, and experimental study of AC electrical conduction mechanism and thermodynamic properties of Cu0.6Cd0.4Cr2O4 spinel oxide. Ionics 28, 4729–4744 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-022-04701-5

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