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The Role of CD4+ T Cells in the Immunotherapy of Brain Disease by Secreting Different Cytokines

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Abstract

Upon different stimulation, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into various subsets of T helper (Th) cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tregs. They play both protective and pathogenic roles in the central nervous system (CNS) by secreting different cytokines. Failure of the homeostasis of the subgroups in the CNS can result in different brain diseases. Recently, immunotherapy has drawn more and more attention in the therapy of various brain diseases. Here, we describe the role of different CD4+ T cell subsets and their secreted cytokines in various brain diseases, as well as the ways in which by affecting CD4+ T cells in therapy of the CNS diseases. Understanding the role of CD4+ T cells and their secreted cytokines in the immunotherapy of brain disease will provide new targets and therapeutics for the treatment of brain disease.

Graphical Abstract

The role of CD4 + T cell subtypes in different diseases and their associated regulatory genes, proteins, and enzymes. CD4 + T cell subtypes play both protective (green) and pathogenic (red) roles in different brain diseases. The immune regulatory effects of CD4 + T cells and their subtypes are promoted or inhibited by different genes, proteins, and enzymes.

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Data Availability

All data included in this review are available upon request by contact with the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [81202924, 81773909, 81703711]; The combination of medical care and health project of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine [YYKC-2021-01-008] and Shanghai talent development funds[201665].

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  1. Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China

    Jing Wang, Yunrong Nan & Kaili Hu

  2. Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China

    Jing Wang & Yunrong Nan

  3. Industrial Development Center of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China

    Mei Liu

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Wang, J., Nan, Y., Liu, M. et al. The Role of CD4+ T Cells in the Immunotherapy of Brain Disease by Secreting Different Cytokines. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 17, 409–422 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-022-10056-5

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