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Detecting Binary Mixtures of Sulfolane with Ethylene Glycol, Diethylene Glycol, and Polyethylene Glycol in Water Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor: A Numerical Investigation

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Abstract

This work offers a quite sensitive SPR-based sensor with a new heterostructure based on platinum and ITO using silver as the plasmonic metal to examine the detection of sulfolane, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG-200 and PEG-600) in water. The widely utilized transfer matrix technique (TMM) was employed to evaluate the performance of the suggested sensor. The noble plasmonic material silver (Ag) with a thickness of 40 nm is utilized to induce surface plasmons. As an adhesive layer, Cytop is used between the ITO and sensing layer; the thickness of 0.5 nm has been taken. The sensor’s performance was evaluated in terms of reflectance, full width at half maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy, sensitivity, and figure of merit. These parameters are also evaluated by varying the platinum (P) and ITO (I) layers. The suggested sensor has a maximum sensitivity of 144.1988 degree/RIU (for \(P=1, I=9\)), DA of 1.8867 degree−1, and FoM of 98.66 RIU−1 (for \(P=3, I=1\)). The operating wavelength of 633 nm is used here for this numerical analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of ECE, School of Engineering and Technology, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India

    Amrindra Pal

  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engr, Institute of Technology Gopeshwar, Chamoli, 246424, Uttarakhand, India

    Arun Uniyal

  3. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Mahatma Gandhi Road, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India

    Partha Sarkar

  4. Department of Electronics and Communication, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India

    Gaurav Srivastava

  5. Department of Civil Engineering, G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246194, India

    Hira Lal Yadav

  6. School of Computing, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India

    Gaurav Dhiman

  7. Physics Department, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Palestine

    Sofyan A. Taya

  8. Department of Electronics & Comm. Engg., Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India

    Arjuna Muduli

  9. Department of ETC, JSPM University, Nagar Road, Wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra, 412207, India

    Arjuna Muduli

  10. Department of Electronics, Ewing Christian College, Gaughat, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211003, India

    Gaurav Srivastava

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  1. Amrindra Pal
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  2. Arun Uniyal
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  5. Hira Lal Yadav
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  7. Sofyan A. Taya
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  8. Arjuna Muduli
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Contributions

Amrindra Pal: conceptualization (equal), writing—review and editing (equal). Arun Uniyal: methodology (equal), writing—review and editing (equal). Partha Sarkar: investigation (equal), methodology (equal). Gaurav Srivastava: investigation (equal), methodology (equal). Hira Lal Yadav: formal analysis (equal), methodology (equal). Gaurav Dhiman: supervision (lead), draft preparation. Sofyan A. Taya: supervision (lead), investigation. Arjuna Muduli: supervision (lead), investigation.

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Correspondence to Amrindra Pal.

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Not applicable. The work presented in this manuscript is mathematical modelling only for the proposed biosensor. No experiment was performed on the human body and living organisms/animals. So, ethical approval from an ethical committee is not required.

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Pal, A., Uniyal, A., Sarkar, P. et al. Detecting Binary Mixtures of Sulfolane with Ethylene Glycol, Diethylene Glycol, and Polyethylene Glycol in Water Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor: A Numerical Investigation. Plasmonics 19, 1019–1029 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02054-x

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