Abstract
Evolutionary developmental biology, or Evo-Devo for short, has become an established field that, broadly speaking, seeks to understand how changes in development drive major transitions and innovation in organismal evolution. It does so via integrating the principles and methods of many subdisciplines of biology. Although we have gained unprecedented knowledge from the studies on model organisms in the past decades, many fundamental and crucially essential processes remain a mystery. Considering the tremendous biodiversity of our planet, the current model organisms seem insufficient for us to understand the evolutionary and physiological processes of life and its adaptation to exterior environments. The currently increasing genomic data and the recently available gene-editing tools make it possible to extend our studies to non-model organisms. In this review, we review the recent work on the regulatory signaling of developmental and regeneration processes, environmental adaptation, and evolutionary mechanisms using both the existing model animals such as zebrafish and Drosophila, and the emerging nonstandard model organisms including amphioxus, ascidian, ciliates, single-celled phytoplankton, and marine nematode. In addition, the challenging questions and new directions in these systems are outlined as well.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771649, 32030015, 31772442, 31970506, 31922013, 32070437, 31872228, 31970475, and 31991194), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFE0190900), the Young Taishan Scholar, and Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province, China. Thanks are given to Ms. Tian Gan, graduate student of IEMB, Ocean University of China, for some line drawings in Figure 7. We apologize to all our colleagues whose original studies could not be cited due to space limitations.
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Zhao, L., Gao, F., Gao, S. et al. Biodiversity-based development and evolution: the emerging research systems in model and non-model organisms. Sci. China Life Sci. 64, 1236–1280 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1915-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1915-y