Abstract
The present study was undertaken to appraise the efficacy of exogenous taurine in alleviating boron (B) and chromium (Cr) toxicity. Taurine protects cell membranes from lipid peroxidation due to its function as a ROS scavenger. However, there exists no report in the literature on the role of taurine in plants under abiotic stresses. The present investigation indicated the involvement of exogenous taurine in mediating plant defense responses under B and Cr toxicity. Wheat plants manifested a significant drop in growth, chlorophyll molecules, SPAD values, relative water content, nitrate reductase activity, and uptake of essential nutrients under B, Cr, and combined B-Cr toxicity. Plants showed significant oxidative damage due to enhanced cellular levels of superoxide radicals (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), relative membrane permeability, and activity of lipoxygenase (LOX). Additionally, a significant negative correlation existed in B and Cr levels with the uptake of essential nutrients. Taurine substantially improved growth, photosynthetic pigments, and nutrient uptake by regulating ROS scavenging, secondary metabolism, and ions homeostasis under stress. Taurine protected plants from the detrimental effects of B and Cr by upregulating the production of nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, glutathione, and phenolic compounds.
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Data availability
The datasets used in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- POD:
-
Peroxidase
- H2S:
-
Hydrogen sulfide
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- O2 •– :
-
Superoxide radical
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- B:
-
Boron
- Cr:
-
Chromium
- TSS:
-
Total soluble sugars
- NRS:
-
Non-reducing sugars
- Ca2 + :
-
Calcium
- P:
-
Phosphorus
- N:
-
Nitrogen
- K+ :
-
Potassium
- RMP:
-
Relative membrane permeability
- LOX:
-
Lipoxygenase
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- RWC:
-
Relative water content
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Acknowledgements
The authors greatly acknowledge the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan, for providing funds for the execution of this research under project no. 8345/Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2017.
Funding
The funds for the present research work were provided by HEC-funded project no. 8345/Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2017.
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RR: conceptualization and visualization. MAA: writing—original draft, supervision, methodology, and funding acquisition. MUF: investigation, methodology, and visualization. MI, MHS, and SA: review and editing, conceptualization, and visualization. IH: methodology and investigation.
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Ashraf, M.A., Rasheed, R., Hussain, I. et al. Taurine modulates dynamics of oxidative defense, secondary metabolism, and nutrient relation to mitigate boron and chromium toxicity in Triticum aestivum L. plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 45527–45548 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19066-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19066-5