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Teratological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice embryo

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Abstract

Nanoparticles have numerous applications related to human uses. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are extensively used in many daily utilities. The small size particles and larger uses in the industry have led them to become a threatening entity to the living organisms. The unchecked use and dumping in the environment poses a significant toxicological risk to the developing mammalian embryo. The present study was conducted to determine the developmental toxicity and teratogenic effects of TiO2-NPs in murine embryos. The TiO2-NPs were introduced intravenously into pregnant mice graded as T1 (0.52 mg/g BW), T2 (0.7 mg/g BW), and T3 (1.05 mg/g BW) along with control with no dose administration T0 (0.00 mg/g BW). Results recorded after 14 days were resorbed fetuses, dropped wrist, hemorrhages, sacral hygromas, and kinked tails. It was concluded that the exposure of TiO2-NPs in mentioned doses from any source may lead to deleterious effects on the development of an embryo.

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Abbreviations

CR:

Crown-rump

TiO2:

Titanium dioxide

NPs:

Nanoparticles

BW:

Body weight

T:

Treatment

SPSS:

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

GD:

Gestation day

NBC:

National Bioethics Committee of Pakistan

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Acknowledgements

All authors are thankful to the Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab for providing the support to complete this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan

    Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan, Khurram Shahzad, Munazza Parveen & Muhammad Saleem Khan

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Education, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan

    Naveed Ahmad

  3. Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

    Munazza Parveen

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  1. Munir Ahmad
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  2. Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan
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  3. Khurram Shahzad
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  4. Naveed Ahmad
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  6. Muhammad Saleem Khan
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by MA, MKAK, and KS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MSK, NA, and MP, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Saleem Khan.

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Ethical approval was taken from the University Ethical Committee and in accordance with the guidelines of the National Bioethics Committee (NBC) of Pakistan.

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Ahmad, M., Khan, M.K.A., Shahzad, K. et al. Teratological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice embryo. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 40724–40733 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18237-0

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