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Resource recovery through bioremediation of wastewaters and waste carbon by microalgae: a circular bioeconomy approach

  • Bio/processes for Sustainable Environment and Clean Energy
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Abstract

Microalgal biomass–based biofuels are a promising alternative to fossil fuels. Microalgal biofuels’ major obstacles are the water and carbon sources for their cultivation and biomass harvest from the liquid medium. To date, an economically viable process is not available for algal based biofuels. The circular bioeconomy is an attractive concept for reuse, reduce, and recycle resources. The recovery of nutrients from waste and effluents by microalgae could significantly impact the escalating demands of energy and nutraceutical source to the growing population. Wastewaters from different sources are enriched with nutrients and carbon, and these resources can be recovered and utilized for the circular bioeconomy approach. However, the utilization of wastewaters and waste seems to be an essential strategy for mass cultivation of microalgae to minimizing freshwater consumption, carbon, nutrients cost, nitrogen, phosphorus removal, and other pollutants loads from wastewater and generating sustainable biomass for value addition for either biofuels or other chemicals. Hence, the amalgamation of wastewater treatment with the mass cultivation of microalgae improved the conventional treatment process and environmental impacts. This review provides complete information on the latest progress and developments of microalgae as potential biocatalyst for the remediation of wastewaters and waste carbon to recover resources through biomass with metabolites for various industrial applications and large-scale cultivation in wastewaters, and future perspectives are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

Author SBU thankful to the Director of IBSD, an autonomous institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, for provided support and motivation for this work (MSNO IBSD/2020/01/011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DBT-Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD) (An Autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Takyelpat, Imphal, 795001, India

    Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma

  2. Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Dinabandhu Sahoo

  3. Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicological Research, Lucknow, 226001, India

    Ashok Pandey

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  1. Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma
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  2. Dinabandhu Sahoo
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  3. Ashok Pandey
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Contributions

SBU: Performed data collection, formal analysis, visualization, writing the original manuscript, review and editing. DS: conceptualization, designing the work, and review. AP: Review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma.

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Ummalyma, S.B., Sahoo, D. & Pandey, A. Resource recovery through bioremediation of wastewaters and waste carbon by microalgae: a circular bioeconomy approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 58837–58856 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11645-8

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