Abstract
The present research work was conducted on a compression ignition engine to assess the engine characteristics fueled with the blend of diesel and high-oxygenated additives such as ethanol. Ethanol does not easily blend with diesel. In order to attain a homogeneous mixture, a small amount of additive is added to the blend. Different additives were added to the blend to form a homogeneous mixture. Stability test was conducted on the blend to ensure prolonged homogeneity. The additives used for the test purpose were isopropanol, oleic acid, and ethylene acetate. From the stability results, it was found that oleic acid was the best additive which produces a better homogenous mixture for the blend of ethanol and diesel. One percentage of oleic acid is used as an additive to blend ethanol and diesel. The different combinations of blend ratios used for the test purpose were D90E10, D80E20, and D70E30. All the aforementioned blends have low cetane number because of ethanol, which was compensated by adding 1% DEE (diethyl ether) to all the blends. Experimental results exhibit that there is an improvement in the performance characteristics, such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and specific energy consumption (SEC), with the enrichment of DEE in ethanol-diesel blend. It is also noticed that the blend without DEE exhibited lower magnitude. This is mainly due to higher energy content and cetane number of DEE. Emission characteristics, like hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO), were found to drastically increase with the increase in the ethanol concentration in the diesel blend. This is attributed to higher latent heat of vaporization (LHV) of ethanol present in the blend. Combustion pressure and heat release rate of the DEE-enriched ethanol blends were higher by 2.2 % and 2.4 %, respectively, when compared with their corresponding blends without DEE. This is a result of higher volatility of DEE which leads to better combustion.
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The source of data and materials of this study is available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- aTDC:
-
After top dead center
- BP:
-
Brake power
- BSEC:
-
Brake specific energy consumption
- bTDC:
-
Before top dead center
- BTE:
-
Brake thermal efficiency
- CN:
-
Cetane number
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- CV:
-
Calorific value of fuel
- DEE:
-
Diethyl ether
- ID:
-
Ignition delay
- J:
-
Joule
- kg:
-
Kilogram
- kJ:
-
Kilojoule
- kW:
-
Kilowatt
- LHV:
-
Latent heat of vaporization
- mJ:
-
Megajoule
- NOx :
-
Oxides of nitrogen
- SOC:
-
Start of combustion
- UBHC:
-
Unburnt hydrocarbon
- IC:
-
Internal combustion
- D90E10:
-
90% diesel and 10% ethanol in volume
- D80E20:
-
80% diesel and 20% ethanol in volume
- 70E30:
-
70% diesel and 30% ethanol in volue
- HRR:
-
Heat release rate
- EGT:
-
Exhaust gas temperature
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Acknowledgments
We express our profound thanks to the Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, for providing us with a laboratory facility to perform this research.
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RS conducted investigation on blends stability. PM carried out to test engine fueled with DEE-enriched ethanol blend. GGG examined the brief literature review on influence of ethanol blend in diesel fuel. BD analyzed the combustion characteristics of engine. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Shanmugam, R., Murugesan, P., Guye, G.G. et al. Effect of additives on the stability of ethanol-diesel blends for IC engine application. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 12153–12167 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10934-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10934-6