Abstract
Diesel fuel and corn oil are mixed in the 80:20 volumetric ratio. Dimethyl carbonate and gasoline are added to diesel fuel + corn oil blend in 4:96, 6:94, 8:92, and 10:90 volumetric ratios to obtain ternary blends. Effects of ternary blends on the performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine are investigated under different engine speeds (1000–2500 rpm). 3D Lagrange interpolation method is applied to measured data of dimethyl carbonate blends to predict the engine speed, blending ratio, and crank angle giving maximum peak pressure and peak heat release rate. On average, dimethyl carbonate blends and gasoline blends show 4.3642–12.1578% and 1.0323–8.6843% reduction in effective power, and 1.4938–3.4322% and 4.3357–8.7188% reduction in effective efficiency, respectively, relative to diesel fuel. On average, there is a reduction in cylinder peak pressure (4.6701–7.3418%; 4.0457–6.2025%) and peak heat release rate (0.8020–4.5627%; 0.4–1.2654%) for dimethyl carbonate blends and gasoline blends, respectively, compared to diesel fuel. Because of low relative errors (1.0551% and 1.4553%), 3D Lagrange provides well accuracy in the prediction of maximum peak pressure and peak heat release rate. On average, dimethyl carbonate blends produce less CO (7.4744–17.5424%), HC (15.5410–29.5501%) and smoke (14.1767–25.2834%) emissions, compared with diesel fuel.
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Abbreviations
- ATDC:
-
After top-dead-center
- BEP:
-
Brake effective power (Ne, kW)
- BEE:
-
Brake effective efficiency (ηe)
- BSEC:
-
Brake specific energy consumption (MJ/kWh)
- BSFC:
-
Brake specific fuel consumption (be, kg fuel/kWh)
- BT:
-
Brake torque (T, Nm)
- BTE:
-
Brake thermal efficiency
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- Cp :
-
Specific heat at constant pressure (J/kgK)
- CR:
-
Compression ratio
- Cv :
-
Specific heat at constant volume (J/kgK)
- dQn/dθ:
-
Net heat release rate per crank angle (J/degree)
- DF:
-
Diesel fuel used in this study
- DMC:
-
Dimethyl carbonate used in this study
- DMC4:
-
Ternary blend (76.8% DF + 19.2% corn oil + 4% DMC)
- DMC6:
-
Ternary blend (75.2% DF + 18.8% corn oil + 6% DMC)
- DMC8:
-
Ternary blend (73.6% DF + 18.4% corn oil + 8% DMC)
- DMC10:
-
Ternary blend (72% DF + 18% corn oil + 10% DMC)
- f(x):
-
A real-valued continuous function
- GL:
-
Unleaded gasoline used in this study
- GL4:
-
Ternary blend (76.8% DF + 19.2% corn oil + 4% GL)
- GL6:
-
Ternary blend (75.2% DF + 18.8% corn oil + 6% GL)
- GL8:
-
Ternary blend (73.6% DF + 18.4% corn oil + 8% GL)
- GL10:
-
Ternary blend (72% DF + 18% corn oil + 10% GL)
- HC:
-
Hydrocarbon
- HRR:
-
Heat release rate (J/degree)
- ID:
-
Ignition delay (crank angle degree)
- Li(x):
-
Weighting coefficient
- NHRR:
-
Neat heat release rate (J/degree)
- NOx :
-
Nitrogen oxides
- n:
-
Number of data points
- P:
-
Instantaneous in-cylinder gas pressure (Pa or bar)
- Pn − 1(x):
-
(n − 1)-th order polynomial
- Q(x, y, z):
-
A polynomial that interpolates f(x, y, z) in the given data
- R :
-
Calculated value (BEP, BSFC, and BEE)
- TDC:
-
Top-dead-center
- t = f(x, y, z):
-
A real-valued continuous the function
- V:
-
Instantaneous volume of the cylinder (m3)
- Xi(x):
-
Lagrange interpolation coefficient
- x1, x2, ..., xp :
-
Distinct points at x-coordinate
- Yj(y):
-
Lagrange interpolation coefficient
- y1, y2, ..., ym :
-
Distinct points at y-coordinate
- Zk(z):
-
Lagrange interpolation coefficient
- z1, z2, ..., zn :
-
Distinct points at z-coordinate
- θ:
-
Crank angle (degree)
- α1, α2, α3, ..., αn :
-
Independent variables
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Gülüm, M. Effect of adding dimethyl carbonate and gasoline to diesel fuel + corn oil blend on performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27121-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27121-y