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Characterization and adsorption capacity of potassium permanganate used to modify activated carbon filter media for indoor formaldehyde removal

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Abstract

This study examined the effect of potassium permanganate (KMnO4)-modified activated carbon for formaldehyde removal under different face velocities and different initial formaldehyde concentrations in building environment. We chose the coconut shell activated carbon due to their high density and purity. Moreover, they have a clear environmental advantage over coal-based carbons, particularly in terms of acidification potential. The chemical properties were characterized by FTIR to show the functional groups, EDS to calculate each component of their energy bands to know how the ratio is. Also, the morphology of the surface was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BET determines specific surface area, pore size, and pore volume. It was found that where the initial formaldehyde concentration and the face velocity are low, adsorption capacity is high. The adsorption isotherms of formaldehyde on modified activated carbon are well fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The rate parameter for the pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, and intraparticle diffusion model was compared. The correlation coefficient of pseudo-second-order kinetic model (0.999 > R2 > 0.9548) is higher than the coefficient of pseudo-first-order kinetic model (0.5785 < R2 < 0.8755) and intraparticle diffusion model (0.9752 < R2 < 0.9898). Thus, pseudo-second-order kinetic model is more apposite to discuss the adsorption kinetic in this test, and the overall rate of the modified activated carbon adsorption process appears to be influenced by more than one step that is both the intraparticle diffusion model and membrane diffusion.

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Funding

The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the Ministry of Science and Technology with contract number 106-3011-F-027-001 and Taiwan Hipoint Corporation in Taiwan.

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Author notes

  1. Shih-Cheng Hu, Ying-Chen Chen, and Xin-Zhi Lin have equal contribution.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung Hsiao E Road, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Shih-Cheng Hu & Angus Shiue

  2. Department of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Ying-Chen Chen, Yen-Che Chen & Shu-Mei Chang

  3. Department of HVAC, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China

    Xin-Zhi Lin & Bin Zhou

  4. Institute of Environment Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Po-Hua Huang & Chao-Heng Tseng

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  1. Shih-Cheng Hu
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Correspondence to Angus Shiue.

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Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr

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Hu, SC., Chen, YC., Lin, XZ. et al. Characterization and adsorption capacity of potassium permanganate used to modify activated carbon filter media for indoor formaldehyde removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 28525–28545 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2681-z

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