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Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of metallic compounds on the flatfish Scophthalmus maximus: biomarkers of neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and metabolism

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Abstract

Flatfish species, such as the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), are common targets for toxic effects, since they are exposed through the food chain (ingestion of contaminated preys) and are in direct contact with the waterborne contaminant and sediments. Furthermore, these fish species live in close proximity to interstitial water that frequently dissolves high amounts of contaminants, including metals. Despite this significant set of characteristics, the present knowledge concerning flatfish contamination and toxicity by metals is still scarce. To attain the objective of assessing the effects of metals on a flatfish species, S. maximus specimens were chronically exposed to lead, copper and zinc, at ecologically relevant concentrations, and biochemical (oxidative stress: catalase and glutathione S-transferases activities, and lipid peroxidation; neurotoxicity: cholinesterase activity) parameters were assessed on selected tissues (gills and liver). Copper had no significant effects on all tested parameters; lead was causative of significant increases in liver GSTs activities and also in lipoperoxidation of gill tissue; exposure to zinc caused a significant increase in catalase activity of gill tissue. None of the tested metals elicited noteworthy effects in terms of neurotoxicity. The obtained results showed that only the metal lead is of some environmental importance, since it was able to cause deleterious modifications of oxidative nature at relevant concentrations.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE—Operational Competitiveness Program and by national funds through FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology, under the projects PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2013 and PTDC/AMB/70431/2006. This work was supported by European Funds through COMPETE and by National Funds through the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) within project PEst-C/MAR/LA0017/2013.

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  1. Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, CESAM, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal

    Bruno Nunes, Fátima Brandão, Sara Rodrigues & Fernando Gonçalves

  2. CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto, 4050-123, Portugal

    Tânia Sérgio, Sara Rodrigues & Alberto Teodorico Correia

  3. FCS-UFP, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, Porto, 4200-150, Portugal

    Alberto Teodorico Correia

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Nunes, B., Brandão, F., Sérgio, T. et al. Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of metallic compounds on the flatfish Scophthalmus maximus: biomarkers of neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and metabolism. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 7501–7511 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2630-4

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