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Heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of Liza saliens from Esmoriz–Paramos lagoon, Portugal

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Abstract

Esmoriz–Paramos lagoon is an ecosystem of great ecological importance that is located on the northwest coast of Portugal and has been degraded as a result of industrial and anthropogenic activities. Concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were measured in water, sediment and in tissues (liver and muscle) of Liza saliens, which is the dominant fish from the lagoon. Comparisons between metal concentrations in water and sediments were made with those in tissues of fish caught at the lagoon. Metals in water were quantified predominantly bound to particulate and equalled or exceeded the limit of chronic reference values. Metal concentrations in sediments varied among sampled sites. The relative order of concentrations was “Zn > Cu ∼ Pb > Cr” the same pattern observed for metals in water. Metals in fish tissues showed higher concentrations in liver (262 mg Cu·Kg−1 and 89 mg Zn·Kg−1) than in muscle (<3 mg Cu·Kg−1 and 26 mg Zn·Kg−1), while Pb and Cr were not detected. These results suggest that Cu and Zn are the metals of major concern in the lagoon. Mullet detritivorous feeding habits, bioaccumulation pattern and the high sediment metals concentrations relative to the water suggest that sediments can be the most important source of contamination in this ecosystem. The positive relationship found between Cu in liver and fish length demonstrates that time of exposure is a crucial factor in bioaccumulation. Condition indices (K and HSI) in mullets from the lagoon were higher compared to mullets from sea, suggesting abnormal condition in the lagoon population. We conclude that metals chronic exposure in the lagoon can impose considerable fish stress. The results also show that the lagoon is an area of environmental concern.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ESA – Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, CIMO – Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1038, 5301-854, Bragança, Portugal

    C. Fernandes

  2. UTAD – Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, CETAV – Centro de Estudos Tecnológicos, do Ambiente e da Vida, Apartado 1013, 5000-911, Vila Real, Portugal

    A. Fontaínhas-Fernandes

  3. ESA – Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, CIMO – Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855, Bragança, Portugal

    D. Cabral

  4. ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal

    M. A. Salgado

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  1. C. Fernandes
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  3. D. Cabral
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Correspondence to A. Fontaínhas-Fernandes.

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Fernandes, C., Fontaínhas-Fernandes, A., Cabral, D. et al. Heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of Liza saliens from Esmoriz–Paramos lagoon, Portugal. Environ Monit Assess 136, 267–275 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9682-6

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