Abstract
Background
Head and neck cancers are the seventh most common type of cancer worldwide, with almost half of the cases affecting the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of oral cancer, showing poor prognosis and high mortality. OSCC molecular pathogenesis is complex, resulting from a wide range of events that involve the interplay between genetic mutations and altered levels of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites. Metabolomics is a recently developed sub-area of omics sciences focused on the comprehensive analysis of small molecules involved in several biological pathways by high throughput technologies.
Aim of review
This review summarizes and evaluates studies focused on the metabolomics analysis of OSCC and oral premalignant disorders to better interpret the complex process of oral carcinogenesis. Additionally, the metabolic biomarkers signatures identified so far are also included. Moreover, we discuss the limitations of these studies and make suggestions for future investigations.
Key scientific concepts
Although many questions about the metabolic features of OSCC have already been answered in metabolomic studies, further validation and optimization are still required to translate these findings into clinical applications.
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Funding
This study was financed in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)/Brazil, Finance code 001. FFDA, RRMC and TSFP receive CAPES scholarship and JGV and LSDA receives (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) CNPq/Brazil scholarship. CCG, FPF and RSG are research fellows at CNPq/Brazil.
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RSG conceptualized and refined research ideas. FFDA, JGV and LSDA conducted literature search and selected the studies to be included in the review. JGV, FFDA, LSDA, and TFSP drafted the manuscript and tables. TSFP, FFDA and JGV prepared the figures. All authors edited the manuscript. FFDA, GABC, JGV, and TFSP prepared Online Resources. GABC conducted chemical nomenclature standardization and established the criteria for the construction of Venn Diagrams and contributed with analytical chemistry expertise. TSFP, FPF, CCG and RSG contributed with oral pathology expertise. JGV, FFDA, TFSP, FPF, CCG, RRMC, GABC, and RSG reviewed critically the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Jéssica Gardone Vitório, Filipe Fideles Duarte-Andrade, Thaís dos Santos Fontes Pereira, Felipe Paiva Fonseca, Larissa Stefhanne Damasceno Amorim, Roberta Rayra Martins-Chaves, Carolina Cavaliéri Gomes, Gisele André Baptista Canuto, and Ricardo Santiago Gomez declares that they have no conflict of interest.
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11306_2020_1727_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx
Online Resource 2. Single metabolic biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) diagnosis proposed by metabolomic studies (XLSX 297 kb)
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Online Resource 4. Convergences among studies employing distinct techniques to evaluate OSCC in comparison to healthy subjects Overlap among studies employing a. plasma, serum, and urine samples, b. tissue specimens, or c. saliva to uncover the metabolic landscape of OSCC utilizing different analytical platforms (TIF 1456 kb)
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Online resource 5. Overlaps among salivary-based investigantions comparing OSCC and healthy subjects independently of the analytical platform that was employed Convergences among studies based on salivary samples. The article of Shigeyama et al. 2019 was not included in this Venn Diagram since it was the only one that evaluated exclusively volatile organic compounds. Given the higher number of publications using tissue samples and plasma, serum and urine, Venn diagrams were not constructed, and the overlaps are presented in the form of tables to facilitate interpretation. (TIF 1520 kb)
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Online Resource 6. Overlaps among plasma, serum and urine-based investigations comparing OSCC and healthy controls (DOCX 16 kb)
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Vitório, J.G., Duarte-Andrade, F.F., dos Santos Fontes Pereira, T. et al. Metabolic landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Metabolomics 16, 105 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-020-01727-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-020-01727-6