Skip to main content
Log in

Identification of quantitative trait loci for wood quality and growth across eight full-sib coastal Douglas-fir families

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Tree Genetics & Genomes Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Typical linkage and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses in forest trees have been conducted in single pedigrees with sex-averaged linkage maps. The results of a QTL analysis for wood quality and growth traits of coastal Douglas-fir using eight full-sib families, each consisting of 40 progeny, replicated on four sites are presented. The resulting map of segregating genetic markers consisted of 120 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci distributed across 19 linkage groups. The wood quality traits represent the widest suite of traits yet examined for QTL analysis in a tree species in a single study. Wood fiber traits showed the lowest number of QTLs (3) with relatively small effect (ca. 4%); wood density traits also showed just three QTLs but with slightly larger effect; wood chemistry traits showed more QTLs (7), while ring density traits showed many QTLs with large numbers of QTLs (78) and interesting patterns of temporal variation. Growth traits gave just five QTLs but of major effect (10–16%). Trees, with their long generation times, provide a rich resource for studies of temporal variation of QTL expression.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arcade A, Faivre-Rampant P, Paques LE, Prat D (2002) Localisation of genomic regions controlling microdensitometric parameters of wood characteristics in hybrid larches. Ann For Sci 59(5–6):607–615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aubry CA, Adams WT, Fahey TD (1998) Determination of relative economic weights for multitrait selection in coastal Douglas-fir. Can J For Res 28(8):1164–1170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beavis WD (1998) QTL analyses: power, precision and accuracy. In: Molecular dissection of complex traits. CRC, Raleigh, North Carolina, pp 145–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw HD, Stettler RF (1995) Molecular genetics of growth and development in Populus. IV. Mapping QTLs with large effects on growth, form, and phenology traits in a forest tree. Genetics 139:963–973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown GR, Bassoni DL, Gill GP, Fontana JR, Wheeler NC, Megraw RA, Davis MF, Sewell MM, Tuskan GA, Neale DB (2003) Identification of quantitative trait loci influencing wood property traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). III. QTL verification and candidate gene mapping. Genetics 164(4):1537–1546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne M, Murrell JC, Owen JV, Williams ER, Moran GF (1997) Mapping of quantitative trait loci influencing frost tolerance in Eucalyptus nitens. Theor Appl Genet 95(5–6):975–979

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chagne D, Lalanne C, Madur D, Kumar S, Frigerio JM, Krier C, Decroocq S, Savoure A, Bou-Dagher-Kharrat M, Bertocchi E, Brach J, Plomion C (2002) A high density genetic map of maritime pine based on AFLPs. Ann For Sci 59(5–6):627–636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer S, Kretschmann D, Lakes R, Schmidt T (2005) Earlywood and latewood elastic properties in loblolly pine. Holzforschung 59:531–538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chantre G, Rozenberg P, Baonza V, Macchioni N, Le Turcq A, Rueff M, Petit-Conil M, Heois B (2002) Genetic selection within Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in Europe for papermaking uses. Ann For Sci 59(5–6):583–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans R, Ilic J (2001) Rapid prediction of wood stiffness from microfibril angle and density. For Prod J 51(3):53–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Grattapaglia D, Bertolucci FLG, Penchel R, Sederoff RR (1996) Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling growth and wood quality traits in Eucalyptus grandis using a maternal half-sib family and RAPD markers. Genetics 144:1205–1214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haseman JK, Elston RC (1972) Investigation of linkage between a quantitative trait and a marker locus. Behav Genet 2(1):3–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu X-S, Goodwillie C, Ritland KM (2004) Joining genetic linkage maps using a joint likelihood function. Theor Appl Genet 109:996–1004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huntley SK, Ellis D, Gilbert M, Chapple CS, Mansfield SD (2003) Significant increases in pulping efficiency in C4H-F5H-transformed poplars: improved chemical savings and reduced environmental toxins. J Agric Food Chem 51:6178–6183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jermstad KD, Bassoni DL, Wheeler NC, Neale DB (1998) A sex-averaged genetic linkage map in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var ‘menziesii’) based on RFLP and RAPD markers. Theor Appl Genet 97:762–770

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jermstad KD, Bassoni DL, Jech KS, Wheeler NC, Neale DB (2001a) Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling adaptive traits in coastal Douglas-fir. I. Timing of vegetative bud flush. Theor Appl Genet 102(8):1142–1151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jermstad KD, Bassoni DL, Wheeler NC, Anekonda TS, Aitken SN, Adams WT, Neale DB (2001b) Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling adaptive traits in coastal Douglas-fir. II. Spring and fall cold-hardiness. Theor Appl Genet 102:1152–1158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jermstad KD, Bassoni DL, Jech KS, Ritchie GA, Wheeler NC, Neale DB (2003) Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling adaptive traits in coastal Douglas-fir. III. Quantitative trait loci-by-environment interactions. Genetics 165(3):1489–1506

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson GR, Gartner BL (2006) Genetic variation in basic density and modulus of elasticity of coastal Douglas-fir. Tree Genet Genomes 3:25–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson GR, Wheeler NC, Strauss SS (2000) Financial feasibility of marker-aided selection in Douglas-fir. Can J For Res 30(12):1942–1952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markussen T, Fladung M, Achere V, Favre JM, Faivre-Rampant P, Aragones A, Perez DD, Harvengt L, Espinel S, Ritter E (2003) Identification of QTLs controlling growth, chemical and physical wood property traits in Pinus pinaster (Ait.). Silvae Genet 52(1):8–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Megraw RA, Leaf G, Bremer D (1998) Longitudinal shrinkage and microfibril angle in loblolly pine. In: Microfibril angle in wood. University of Canterbury Press, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp 27–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Neale DB, Sewell MM, Brown GR (2002) Molecular dissection of the quantitative inheritance of wood property traits in loblolly pine. Ann For Sci 59(5–6):595–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Otto SP, Jones CD (2000) Detecting the undetected: estimating the total number of loci underlying a quantitative trait. Genetics 156:2093–2197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Remington DL, Whetten RW, Liu B-H, O’Malley DM (1999) Construction of an AFLP genetic map with nearly complete genome coverage in Pinus taeda. Theor Appl Genet 98:1279–1292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SAS (2003) SAS System for Windows version 9.1. SAS and all other SAS Institute Inc. product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of SAS Institute. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Seaton G, Haley CS, Knott SA, Kearsey M, Visscher PM (2002) QTL express: mapping quantitative trait loci in simple and complex pedigrees. Bioinformatics 18(2):339–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seth RS, Kingsland MA (1990) The reinforcing properties of softwood kraft pulps. Pulp Pap Can 91(7):68–72, 74–75

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sewell MM, Sherman BK, Neale DB (1999) A consensus map for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). I. Construction and integration of individual linkage maps from two outbred three-generation pedigrees. Genetics 151(1):321–330

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sewell MM, Bassoni DL, Megraw RA, Wheeler NC, Neale DB (2000) Identification of QTLs influencing wood property traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). I. Physical wood properties. Theor Appl Genet 101(8):1273–1281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sewell MM, Davis MF, Tuskan GA, Wheeler NC, Elam CC, Bassoni DL, Neale DB (2002) Identification of QTLs influencing wood property traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). II. Chemical wood properties. Theor Appl Genet 104(2–3):214–222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • St. Clair JB (1994) Genetic variation in tree structure and its relation to size in Douglas-fir. I. Biomass partitioning, foliage efficiency, stem form, and wood density. Can J For Res 24(6):1226–1235

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss SH, Lande R, Namkoong G (1992) Limitations of molecular-marker-aided selection in forest tree breeding. Can J For Res 22(7):1050–1061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tappi Useful Method (1991) UM-250: acid-soluble lignin in wood and pulp. TAPPI Press, Atlanta

  • Thamarus K, Groom K, Bradley A, Raymond CA, Schimleck LR, Williams ER, Moran GF (2004) Identification of quantitative trait loci for wood and fibre properties in two full-sib pedigrees of Eucalyptus globulus. Theor Appl Genet 109(4):856–864

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Travis SE, Ritland K, Whitham TG, Keim P (1998) A genetic linkage map of Pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Theor App Genet 97(5–6):871–880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ukrainetz NK, Ritland K, Mansfield SD (2007) An AFLP linkage map for Douglas-fir based upon multiple full-sib families. Tree Genet Genomes DOI 10.1007/s11295-007-0099-8

  • USDA (2000) Wood handbook: wood as an engineering material. University Press of the Pacific, Madison, Wisconsin, p 463

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ooijen JW, Voorrips RE (2001) JoinMap 3.0, software for the calculation of genetic linkage maps. Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargas-Hernandez J, Adams WT (1991) Genetic variation of wood density components in young coastal Douglas-fir—implications for tree breeding. Can J For Res 21(12):1801–1807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargas-Hernandez J, Adams WT (1992) Age–age correlations and early selection for wood density in young coastal Douglas-fir. For Sci 38(2):467–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargas-Hernandez J, Adams WT, Krahmer RL (1994) Family variation in age trends of wood density traits in young coastal Douglas-fir. Wood Fiber Sci 26(2):229–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Visscher PM, Hopper JL (2001) Power of regression and maximum likelihood methods to map QTL from sib-pair and DZ twin data. Ann Hum Genet 65:583–601

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang HH, Drummond JG, Reath SM, Hunt K, Watson PA (2001) An improved fibril angle measurement method for wood fibres. Wood Sci Technol 34:493–503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler NC, Jermstad KD, Krutovsky K, Aitken SN, Howe GT, Krakowski J, Neale DB (2005) Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling adaptive traits in coastal Douglas-fir. IV. Cold-hardiness QTL verification and candidate gene mapping. Mol Breed 15(2):145–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu RL (1998) Genetic mapping of QTLs affecting tree growth and architecture in Populus: implications for ideotype breeding. Theor Appl Genet 96:447–457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu HX (2002) Study of early selection in tree breeding. 4. Efficiency of marker-aided early selection (MAES). Silvae Genet 51(5–6):261–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu RL, Han YF, Hu JJ, Fang JJ, Li L, Li ML, Zeng ZB (2000) An integrated genetic map of Populus deltoides based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Theor Appl Genet 100(8):1249–1256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshimaru H, Ohba K, Tsurumi K, Tomaru N, Murai M, Mukai Y, Suyama Y Tsumura Y, Kawahara T, Sakamaki Y (1998) Detection of quantitative trait loci for juvenile growth, flower bearing and rooting ability based on a linkage map of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don). Theor Appl Genet 97:45–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to acknowledge funding (to SDM) from Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Value-to-Wood Program for this project. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Alvin Yanchuk and Michael Stoehr of the BC Ministry of Forests for access to the Douglas-fir breeding trials.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shawn D. Mansfield.

Additional information

Communicated by R. Johnson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ukrainetz, N.K., Ritland, K. & Mansfield, S.D. Identification of quantitative trait loci for wood quality and growth across eight full-sib coastal Douglas-fir families. Tree Genetics & Genomes 4, 159–170 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-007-0097-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-007-0097-x

Keywords

Navigation