Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Plant growth promoting bacteria from Crocus sativus rhizosphere

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Present study deals with the isolation of rhizobacteria and selection of plant growth promoting bacteria from Crocus sativus (Saffron) rhizosphere during its flowering period (October–November). Bacterial load was compared between rhizosphere and bulk soil by counting CFU/gm of roots and soil respectively, and was found to be ~40 times more in rhizosphere. In total 100 bacterial isolates were selected randomly from rhizosphere and bulk soil (50 each) and screened for in-vitro and in vivo plant growth promoting properties. The randomly isolated bacteria were identified by microscopy, biochemical tests and sequence homology of V1–V3 region of 16S rRNA gene. Polyphasic identification categorized Saffron rhizobacteria and bulk soil bacteria into sixteen different bacterial species with Bacillus aryabhattai (WRF5-rhizosphere; WBF3, WBF4A and WBF4B-bulk soil) common to both rhizosphere as well as bulk soil. Pseudomonas sp. in rhizosphere and Bacillus and Brevibacterium sp. in the bulk soil were the predominant genera respectively. The isolated rhizobacteria were screened for plant growth promotion activity like phosphate solubilization, siderophore and indole acetic acid production. 50 % produced siderophore and 33 % were able to solubilize phosphate whereas all the rhizobacterial isolates produced indole acetic acid. The six potential PGPR showing in vitro activities were used in pot trial to check their efficacy in vivo. These bacteria consortia demonstrated in vivo PGP activity and can be used as PGPR in Saffron as biofertilizers.This is the first report on the isolation of rhizobacteria from the Saffron rhizosphere, screening for plant growth promoting bacteria and their effect on the growth of Saffron plant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmad F, Ahmad I, Khan MS (2008) Screening of free-living rhizosphereric bacteria for their multiple growth promoting activities. Microbiol Res 163:173–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander DB, Zuberer DA (1991) Use of chrome azurol S reagents to evaluate siderophore production by rhizosphere bacteria. Biol Fertile Soil 12(1):39–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashrafuzzaman M, Hossen FA, Ismail MR, Hoque MA, Islam MZ, Shahidullah SM, Meon S (2009) Efficiency of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for the enhancement of rice growth. Afr J Biotechnol 8(7):1247–1252

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aytekin A, Acikgoz AO (2008) Hormone and microorganism treatment in the cultivation of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) plants. Molecules 13:1135–1146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho SH, Lee KS, Shin DS, Han JH, Park KS, Lee CH, Park KH, Kim SB (2010) Four new species of Chryseobacterium from the rhizosphere of coastal sand dune plants, Chryseobacterium elymi sp. nov., Chryseobacterium hagamense sp. nov., Chryseobacterium lathyri sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae sp. nov. Syst. Appl Microbiol 33(3):122–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarridge JE (2004) Impact of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for identification of bacteria on clinical microbiology and infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 17(4):840–862

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummings SP (2009) The application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in low input and organic cultivation of graminaceous crops; potential and problems. Environ Biotechnol 5(2):43–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Fierer N, Breitbart M, Nulton J, Salmon P, Lozupone C, Jones R, Robeson M, Edward RA, Felts B, Rayhawk S, Knigh R, Rohwer F, Jackson RB (2007) Metagenomics and small subunit rRNA analysis reveal the genetic diversity of bacteria, archaea, fungi and virus in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 73(21):7059–7066

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta V, Kalha CS, Razdan VK, Dolly (2011) Etiology and management of corm rot of saffron in Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir. Indian J Mycol Plant Pathol 41(3):361–376

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamza MA (2008) Understanding soil analysis data. Resource management technical report 327. Western Australian Agriculture Authority

  • Hartmann A, Schmid M, van Tuinen D, Berg G (2009) Plant-driven selection of microbes. Plant Soil 321:235–257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiltner L (1904) ÜberneuereErfahrungen und Probleme auf demGebiete der BodenbakteriologieunterbesondererBerücksichtigung der Gründüngung und Brache. Arbeiten der Deutschen Landwirtschaftlichen Gesellschaft 98:59–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinsinger P, Bengough AG, Vetterlein D, Young IM (2009) Rhizosphere: biophysics, biogeochemistry and ecological relevance. Plant Soil 321:117–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johansen A, Olsson S (2005) Using phospholipid fatty acid technique to study short-term effects of the biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescensDR54 on the microbial microbiota in barley rhizosphere. Microb Ecol 49:272–281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi P, Bhatt AB (2011) Diversity and function of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria associated with wheat rhizosphere in North Himalayan region. Int J Environ Sci 1(6):1135–1143

    Google Scholar 

  • Khakipour N, Khavazi K, Mojallali H, Pazira E, Asadirahmani H (2008) Production of Auxin Hormone by Fluorescent Pseudomonads. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 4(6):687–692

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirby WM, Bauer AW, Sherris JC et al (1966) Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol 45:493–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwon SW, Kim JS, Park IC, Yoon SH, Park DH, Lim CK, Go SJ (2003) Pseudomonas koreensis sp. nov., Pseudomonas umsongensis sp. nov. and Pseudomonas jinjuensis sp. nov., novel species from farm soils in Korea. Int J Sys Evol Microbiol 53:21–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Li SM, Sun JH, Zhou LL, Bao XG, Zhang HG, Zhang FS (2007) Diversity enhances agricultural productivity via rhizosphere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils. PNAS 104(27):11192–11196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucy M, Reed E, Glick BR (2004) Applications of free living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. A Van Leeuw J Microb 86(1):1–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luster J, Göttlein A, Nowack B, Sarret G (2009) Sampling, defining, characterising and modeling the rhizosphere—the soil science tool box. Plant Soil 321:457–482

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahaffee WF, Kloepper JW (1997) Temporal changes in the bacterial communities of soil, rhizosphere and endorhiza associated with field-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.). Microb Ecol 34:210–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta P, Chauhan A, Mahajan R, Mahajan PK, Shirkot CK (2010) Strain of Bacillus circulans isolated from apple rhizosphere showing plant growth promoting potential. Curr Sci 98(4):538–542

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muleta D, Assefa F, Hjort K, Roos S, Granhall U (2009) Characterization of Rhizobacteria Isolated from Wild Coffea Arabica L. Eng Life Sci 9(2):100–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nannipieri P, Ascher J, Ceccherini MT, Landi L, Pietramellara G, Renella G, Valori F (2007) Microbial diversity and microbial activity in the rhizosphere. Ci. Suelo (ARGENTINA) 25(1):89–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Ordookhani K, Sharafzadeh S, Zare M (2011) Influence of PGPR on growth, essential oil and nutrients uptake of sweet basil. Adv Environ Biol 5(4):672–677

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitcher DG, Saunders NA, Owen RJ (1989) Rapid extraction of bacterial genomic DNA with guanidium thiocyanate. Lett App Microbiol 8:151–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan PR, Dessaux Y, Thomashow LS, Weller DM (2009) Rhizosphere engineering and management for sustainable agriculture. Plant Soil 32:363–383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sachdev DP, Chaudhari HG, Kasture VM, Dhavale DD, Chopra BA (2009) Isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (IAA) producing Klebsiella pneumonia strains from rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their effect on plant growth. Indian J Exp Biol 47(12):993–1000

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarode PD, Rane MR, Chaudhari BL, Chincholkar SB (2009) Siderophoregenic Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from wheat rhizosphere with strong PGPR activity. Malays J Microbiol 5:6–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharaf-eldin M, Elkholy S, Fernandez J, Junge H, Cheetham R, Guardiola J, Weathers P (2008) Bacillus subtilis FZB24 affects quantity and quality of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Planta Med 74:1316–1320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S, Kumar V, Tripathi RB (2011) Isolation of phosphate solubilizing microorganism (PSMs) From Soil. J Microbiol Biotech Res 1(2):90–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddikee MA, Chauhan PS, Anandham R, Han GH, Sa T (2010) Isolation, characterization, and use for plant growth promotion under salt stress, of ACC deaminase-producing halo tolerant bacteria derived from coastal soil. J Microbiol Biotechnol 20(11):1577–1584

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sikorski J, Stackebrandt E, Wackernagel W (2001) Pseudomonas kilonensis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from agricultural soil. Int J Sys Evol Microbiol 51:1549–1555

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soderberg K, Probanza A, Jumpponen A, Baath E (2004) The microbial community in the rhizosphere determined by community-level physiological profiles (CLPP) and direct soil-and cfu-PLFA technique. Appl Soil Ecol 25:135–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stotzky G, Mund R, Tsui R (1966) Rapid serial dilution technique with self-filling syringes. App Microbiol 14(3):472–473

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tilak KVBR, Ranganayaki N, Pal KK, De R, Saxena AK, Nautiyal CS, Mittal S, Tripathi AK, Johri BN (2005) Diversity of plant growth and soil health supporting bacteria. Curr Sci 89(1):136–150

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timmusk S, Paalme V, Pavlicek T, Bergquist J, Vangala A, Danilas T, Nevo E (2011) Bacterial Distribution in the Rhizosphere of Wild Barley under Contrasting Microclimates. PLoS ONE 6(3):1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wahyudi AT, Astuti RP, Widyawati A, Meryandini A, Nawangsih AA (2011) Characterization of Bacillus sp. strains isolated from rhizosphere of soybean plants for their use as potential plant growth for promoting rhizobacteria. J Microbiol Antimicrob 3(2):34–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamaga F, Washio K, Morikawa M (2010) Sustainable Biodegradation of Phenol by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus P23 isolated from the rhizosphere of Duckweed Lemna aoukikusa. Environ Sci Technol 44:6470–6474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yasmin S, Nehvi FA (2013) Saffron as a valuable spice: a comprehensive review. Afr J Agric Res 8(3):234–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasmin F, Othman R, Sijam K, Saad MS (2009) Characterization of beneficial properties of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from sweet potato rhizosphere. Afr J microbiol Res 3(11):815–821

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors are grateful to Prof. Michel Aragno, Honorary professor University of Neuchatel, Switzerland for his scientific advice. We are thankful to Mr Farooq Ahmad and Mr C.L. Bhat and, State agriculture Department J&K, India, for their help in sample collection and information about Saffron cultivation. SA is thankful to CSIR-UGC for Fellowship. We are also thankful to Department of Biotechnology for financial support under DBT funded project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180 006, India

    Sheetal Ambardar & Jyoti Vakhlu

Authors
  1. Sheetal Ambardar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jyoti Vakhlu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jyoti Vakhlu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ambardar, S., Vakhlu, J. Plant growth promoting bacteria from Crocus sativus rhizosphere. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29, 2271–2279 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-013-1393-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-013-1393-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation