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A Review Study on Past 40 Years of Research on Effects of Tropospheric O3 on Belowground Structure, Functioning, and Processes of Trees: a Linkage with Potential Ecological Implications

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Abstract

Woody plants constitute a great sink of carbon storage, mitigating thus the greenhouse effect phenomenon. They are considered key players in ecosystems, and among others, they help in decreasing soil erosion and in maintaining soil moisture. Over the last decades, researches have shown negative effects of the ambient ozone (O3) on many woody species, not only on canopy but also on belowground part of trees. Negative effects of elevated O3 (eO3), which usually refers to any O3 dosages above the current ambient levels, on belowground structure, function, and processes may have consequences to ecosystem sustainability. We reviewed reports of research published over the past 40 years and dealing with woodies belowground response to eO3. eO3 induces changes in C dynamics into plants and alterations in their metabolism accordingly, as a result of different strategies followed by the trees in order to compensate with eO3 stress effects. In these strategies, phenolics seem to have a detrimental role in shoot/root allometry. Root and soil chemical composition can be also influenced, threatening thus the soil biodiversity, soil fertility, and nutrient cycling. Elevated O3 impact is discussed with linkage to other potential ecological consequences.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the authors of the original publications for significant contributions and apologize to authors whose articles may not have been cited. Constructive comments of the reviewers are appreciated. The senior author (E.A.) would like to thank Dr. Matsumoto Naoyuki of the Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan, for useful discussions on soil microbiology. He is also thankful to the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for funding (no. 140539). Part of the findings of this study was presented by E.A. at the 6th International Symposium on Physiological Processes in Roots of Woody Plants which was held in 2014 at Nagoya, Japan. This study was financially supported in part by the JSPS research funds to T.K. (Type B 26292075).

Author Contribution

E.A. planned the study and surveyed, managed and reviewed the literature. E.A. synthesized and produced the manuscript with authorial contributions from C.J.S., X.W., M.W., and T.K. All the contributions were significant to carry out the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan

    Eugenios Agathokleous & Takayoshi Koike

  2. Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece

    Costas J. Saitanis

  3. Agricultural University of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071000, China

    Xiaona Wang

  4. Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan

    Makoto Watanabe

Authors
  1. Eugenios Agathokleous
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  2. Costas J. Saitanis
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  3. Xiaona Wang
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  4. Makoto Watanabe
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  5. Takayoshi Koike
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eugenios Agathokleous.

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Conflict of Interest

The financial source support of this study (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) is a nonprofit organization. We declare that our research has no conflict of interest.

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Key Message

Ozone impacts the root dynamics of trees and forest soil. Ecological implications.

Note

This review did not always follow the interpretation of the authors of the original publications, but it was written mostly based on the results of the statistical analysis of the data.

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Agathokleous, E., Saitanis, C.J., Wang, X. et al. A Review Study on Past 40 Years of Research on Effects of Tropospheric O3 on Belowground Structure, Functioning, and Processes of Trees: a Linkage with Potential Ecological Implications. Water Air Soil Pollut 227, 33 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2715-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2715-9

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