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Evaluation of Airborne Organic Pollutants in a Pyrenean Glacial Lake (The Sabocos Tarn)

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Abstract

Mountain lakes are excellent indicators for airborne organic pollutant transport and accumulation studies. However, very few studies have been focused on lake water mass. Also, there is a lack of studies performed after 2004–2009 period when the enforcement of most international organic pollutant banning policies (e.g., The Stockholm convention) occurred. We report concentration of 66 different semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs) in the Sabocos tarn water mass (a Spanish Pyrenees cirque glacial lake) from 2011 to 2014. Analyzed SOCs include compounds of current and past use with different sources (i.e., current and historic-use pesticides, industrial and urban-use compounds, and combustion by-products) and chemical properties (i.e., volatility, water solubility, and persistence in the environment). Most banned chemicals such as dichlorodiphenyl trichloroetanes (DDTs), aldrins, most polybromodiphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, endosulfans, triazine, and simazine were detected in consistently low concentrations. In contrast, chemicals still in use such as BDE-209, terbutilazine, diuron, metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos were found in higher and more variable amounts. Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were high as compared to previous studies in other Pyrenean and European lakes suggesting airborne pollution from nearby anthropogenic sources. Overall, levels of hexacyclohexanes (HCHs) during most of the sampling period were low according to other studies in similar environments. However, the Sabocos water mass recorded a concentration peak of some HCH isomers in summer 2014 related with the HCH residues transfer operation at the nearby (20 km) Bailín landfill site (Sabiñánigo, Spain).

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded partially by the Departamento de Ciencia, Tecnología y Universidad del Gobierno de Aragón through GATHERS (E52 research group) economical support and Ph.D. scholarships conceded to Z. Santolaria and T. Arruebo. The authors wish to thank all the people and bodies that have contributed to this study, especially during the field campaigns or samples analyses: Carlos Rodríguez-Casals (University of Zaragoza), Laboratory of Water Quality and of the Environment (University of Zaragoza), Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry-Organic Pollutants in Aquatic Systems (IDAEA-CSIC), Zaragoza Club Odisea (ZCO), Grupo Especial de Actividades Subacuáticas de la Guardia Civil (GEAS), Unidad Militar de Emergencias (UME), Aramón-Panticosa and Ayuntamiento de Panticosa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Group of Applied Thermodynamics and Surfaces (GATHERS), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, c/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain

    Zoe Santolaria, Tomas Arruebo, Alfonso Pardo, Francisco Javier Lanaja & José Santiago Urieta

  2. Laboratory of Water Quality and of the Environment, College of Higher Engineering and Architecture, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

    Zoe Santolaria & Francisco Javier Lanaja

  3. Boreas Foundation, Zaragoza, Spain

    Zoe Santolaria, Tomas Arruebo, Alfonso Pardo, José María Matesanz, Francisco Javier Lanaja & José Santiago Urieta

  4. Department of Geography and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Arts, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

    Tomas Arruebo

  5. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Technological College of Huesca, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

    Alfonso Pardo

  6. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology of the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

    José María Matesanz

  7. Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry-Organic Pollutants in Aquatic Systems, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain

    Arantxa Bartolomé & Josep Caixach

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  1. Zoe Santolaria
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  2. Tomas Arruebo
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  3. Alfonso Pardo
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Correspondence to Zoe Santolaria.

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Santolaria, Z., Arruebo, T., Pardo, A. et al. Evaluation of Airborne Organic Pollutants in a Pyrenean Glacial Lake (The Sabocos Tarn). Water Air Soil Pollut 226, 383 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2648-3

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