Abstract
Nitrogen significantly regulated (p < 0.05) the effects of spiramycin on the growth and antioxidant responses of Microcystis aeruginosa as well as the biodegradation of spiramycin by M. aeruginosa during a 7-day exposure test. At a nitrogen level of 0.5 mg L−1, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were stimulated by 100–400 ng L−1 of spiramycin to protect algal cells from oxidative damage, resulting in alleviated toxicity of spiramycin and low malondialdehyde content in M. aeruginosa. The catalase activity was inhibited by 400 ng L−1 of spiramycin at higher nitrogen levels of 5–50 mg L−1, leading to significant growth inhibition (p < 0.05) and higher malondialdehyde content through accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Stimulated glutathione content and glutathione S-transferase activity were coupled to the biodegradation of spiramycin in M. aeruginosa. The 7-day biodegradation percentage of spiramycin varied from 8.9 to 29.6 %, which was enhanced by increased nitrogen concentration and decreased spiramycin concentration. Due to the regulation of algal growth, the toxicity of M. aeruginosa were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) by 100 ng L−1 of spiramycin at a nitrogen concentration of 0.5 mg L−1 while significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by 400 ng L−1 of spiramycin at nitrogen levels of 5–50 mg L−1, according to the luminescent bacteria test. Low concentration of coexisting spiramycin contaminant should be considered during the control of M. aeruginosa bloom, especially under nitrogen deficient condition.
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This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51209125) and partly by Promotive Research Foundation of Shandong Province (2013BSE27073).
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Liu, Y., Chen, S., Zhang, J. et al. Nitrogen-Regulated Interactions Between Microcystis aeruginosa and Spiramycin Contaminant. Water Air Soil Pollut 226, 135 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2412-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2412-8