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Ethanol Addition for Enhancing Denitrification at the Uranium Mill Tailing Site in Monument Valley, AZ

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Abstract

Past mining and processing of uranium ore at a former uranium mining site near Monument Valley, AZ has resulted in nitrate contamination of groundwater. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of ethanol addition for enhancing the reduction of nitrate in groundwater. The results of two pilot-scale field tests showed that the concentration of nitrate decreased, while the concentration of nitrous oxide (a product of denitrification) increased. In addition, changes in aqueous concentrations of sulfate, iron, and manganese indicated that the ethanol amendment caused a change in prevailing redox conditions. The results of compound-specific stable isotope analysis for nitrate–nitrogen indicated that the nitrate concentration reductions were biologically mediated. Denitrification rate coefficients estimated for the pilot tests were approximately 50 times larger than resident-condition (non-enhanced) values obtained from prior characterization studies conducted at the site. The nitrate concentrations in the injection zone have remained at levels three orders of magnitude below the initial values for many months, indicating that the ethanol amendments had a long-term impact on the local subsurface environment.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the Department of Energy. We thank S.M. Stoller Incorporated for their invaluable support and collaboration. We thank the students of the Contaminant Transport Laboratory for their help in conducting the test and in assisting in the compiling and analysis of data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, 429 Shantz Building #38, P.O. Box 210038, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Andrew K. Borden, Mark L. Brusseau, Andrew McMillan, Nihat H. Akyol, Justin Berkompas, Ziheng Miao, Fiona Jordan & Ed P. Glenn

  2. Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Harshbarger Building #11, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Mark L. Brusseau & Ziheng Miao

  3. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA

    K. C. Carroll

  4. S.M. Stoller Corporation, 2597 ¾ Road, Grand Junction, CO, USA

    W. Jody Waugh

  5. Department of Geology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

    Geoff Tick

Authors
  1. Andrew K. Borden
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  2. Mark L. Brusseau
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  3. K. C. Carroll
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  4. Andrew McMillan
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  5. Nihat H. Akyol
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  6. Justin Berkompas
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  7. Ziheng Miao
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  8. Fiona Jordan
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  9. Geoff Tick
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  10. W. Jody Waugh
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  11. Ed P. Glenn
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Correspondence to Mark L. Brusseau.

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Borden, A.K., Brusseau, M.L., Carroll, K.C. et al. Ethanol Addition for Enhancing Denitrification at the Uranium Mill Tailing Site in Monument Valley, AZ. Water Air Soil Pollut 223, 755–763 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0899-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0899-1

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