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Identification of the Liquid and Vapour Transport Parameters of an Ecological Building Material in Its Early Stages

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Abstract

To fulfil the requirements of the new environmental standards in the building sector, increased use of materials containing vegetable particles (hemp) is expected. The manufacturing process of these materials has not yet reached the industrial stage which requires control of the drying process. The objective of this work is to study the various mechanisms of heat and mass transfers occurring during the drying of lime–hemp materials. A macroscopic model has been developed and solved numerically. In order to obtain the moisture transport coefficients, an optimization algorithm was used, allowing the estimation of parameter values by minimising an error criterion between simulated and experimental observations.

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Abbreviations

\(a_{_\mathrm{W}}\) :

Water activity

\(C_{p}\) :

Specific heat at constant pressure (J kg\(^{-1}\) K\(^{-1}\))

\(D\) :

Diffusion coefficient (kg m\(^{-1}\) s\(^{-1}\))

\(e\) :

Thickness (cm)

\(F_\mathrm{m}\) :

Mass flux (kg m\(^{-2}\) s\(^{-1}\))

\(H_\mathrm{r}\) :

Relative humidity (%)

\(h_\mathrm{c}\) :

Convection heat transfer coefficient (W m\(^{-2}\) K\(^{-1}\))

\(h_\mathrm{r}\) :

Radiation heat transfer coefficient (W m\(^{-2}\) K\(^{-1}\))

\(K\) :

Volumetric rate of the change phase (kg m\(^{-3}\) s\(^{-1}\))

\(k\) :

Intrinsic permeability (m\(^{2}\))

\(k_\mathrm{m}\) :

Mass transfer coefficient (m s\(^{-1}\))

\(k_\mathrm{{rg}}\) :

Relative permeability to the vapour phase

\(k_\mathrm{{rl}}\) :

Relative permeability to the liquid phase

\(m\) :

Mass (kg)

\(M\) :

Molar mass (kg mol\(^{-1}\))

\(P\) :

Pressure (Pa)

\(P_\mathrm{c}\) :

Capillary pressure (Pa)

\(P_{\mathrm{v}\infty }\) :

Partial atmospheric pressure (Pa)

\(P_\mathrm{{vsat}}\) :

Saturation vapour pressure (Pa)

\(R\) :

Perfect gas constant (J mol\(^{-1}\) K\(^{-1}\))

\(T\) :

Temperature (\(^\circ \)C)

\(t\) :

Time (s)

\(V\) :

Velocity (m s\(^{-1}\))

\(v\) :

Filtration velocity (m s\(^{-1}\))

\(W\) :

Moisture content (dry basis) (kg kg\(^{-1}\))

\(x\) :

Coordinate (m)

\(\Delta H_\mathrm{v}\) :

Latent vaporisation heat (J kg\(^{-1}\))

\(\varepsilon \) :

Porosity

\(\lambda ^{*}\) :

Effective thermal conductivity (W m\(^{-1}\) K\(^{-1}\))

\(\mu \) :

Tortuosity factor

\(\mu _\mathrm{l}\) :

Water dynamic viscosity (Pa s)

\(\rho \) :

Density (kg m\(^{-3}\))

a :

Air

eq:

Equivalent

atm:

Atmospheric

av:

Average

exp:

Experiment

f:

Film

g:

Gas

ini:

Initial

l:

Liquid

m:

Monolayer sorption

r:

Relative

s:

Solid

sat:

Saturation

sim:

Simulation

surf:

Surface

v:

Vapour

\(\infty \) :

Equilibrium state

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Acknowledgments

The authors want to thank the Brittany Regional Council, the General council of Morbihan and the National Research Agency of France (ANR) for their financial contributions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des MATériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Centre de Recherche, Université de Bretagne Sud, B.P. 92116, 56321 , Lorient Cedex, France

    A. Zaknoune & P. Glouannec

  2. Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour l’Environnement (LaSIE), Pôle Sciences et Technologie, Université de La Rochelle, Av. M. Crépeau, 17042 , La Rochelle Cedex 1, France

    P. Salagnac

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  1. A. Zaknoune
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  2. P. Glouannec
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  3. P. Salagnac
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Correspondence to P. Glouannec.

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Zaknoune, A., Glouannec, P. & Salagnac, P. Identification of the Liquid and Vapour Transport Parameters of an Ecological Building Material in Its Early Stages. Transp Porous Med 98, 589–613 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-013-0162-x

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