Abstract
Apple rootstocks establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), however the influence of fungal isolates on nutritional and physiological parameters are limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth, nutrient uptake and use efficiency, and gas exchange of apple micropropagated rootstock ‘Marubakaido’ inoculated with four isolates of AMF with differing levels of phosphorus (P). We grew plantlets in a non-sterilized soil inoculated with AMF isolates Acaulospora colombiana SCT115A, A. morrowiae SCT400B, Claroideoglomus etunicatum SCT101A, and Gigaspora albida SCT200A, plus a non-inoculated treatment at three levels of P (0%, 50% e 100%). After 90 days of AMF inoculation, internal CO2 concentration (ci), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic rate (A) were evaluated and after 315 days, total dry biomass, macro and micronutrient contents and mycorrhizal colonization were determined. AMF inoculation, regardless of P levels, decreased ci, E and gs, and increased the intrinsic water use efficiency (A/gs) and water use efficiency (A/E). The total biomass results differed among the AMF isolates, where G. albida stood out increasing apple rootstock growth in all levels of P. Gigaspora albida also increased the relative accumulation of N, K, Ca, Mg, Cu and B and had lower mycorrhizal colonization rates. Nutrient use efficiency was higher in plants inoculated with G. albida compared to control plants. In conclusion, although the AMF isolates demonstrated positive results depending on the soil P concentration, we found evidence that G. albida has the potential to be used as inoculant on apple rootstock ‘Marubakaido’ production in nurseries to enhance tree performance.
Key message
Apple micropropagated rootostocks inoculated with Gigaspora albida increase growth, nutrients content and use efficiency.
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The datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq – Brazil) for a Research Assistantship to Sidney Luiz Stürmer (Process 307995/2019-4) and Bruna Greicy Pigozzi (Process 562862/2010-2).
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This study was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq – Brazil) for a Research Assistantship, Process 307995/2019-4 and 562862/2010-2.
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MDC conceived of the presented hypothesis and experimental design, carried out the experiment, interpretation of the results, and wrote the manuscript with support from other authors. TDR carried out the experiment and wrote the manuscript with support from other authors. SP carried out the experiment and wrote the manuscript with support from other authors. BGP carried out gas exchange analysis. SSW performed experimental design and statistical analysis, contributed to the interpretation of the results and wrote the manuscript with support from other authors. SLS provided fungal inoculum for experiment, provided suggestion for the manuscript, and edited the manuscript. All authors discussed the results, provided critical feedback and contributed to the final manuscript.
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Dalla Costa, M., Rech, T.D., Primieri, S. et al. Inoculation with isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influences growth, nutrient use efficiency and gas exchange traits in micropropagated apple rootstock ‘Marubakaido’. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 145, 89–99 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01994-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01994-0