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Changes in phenolic metabolism in salicylic acid-treated shoots of Cistus heterophyllus

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Abstract

The exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) not only protects plants against stress, but also enhances their growth and productivity. In this study, proliferating shoots of Cistus heterophyllus subsp. carthaginensis, an endangered plant species, were incubated in the presence of 0, 10, 100, and 1,000 μM SA for a period of 2 months. Overall growth, phenylpropanoid metabolism and antioxidant capacity were then determined. At low SA concentration, the efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and shoot growth remained stable, while chlorophyll and carotenoid levels increased. Furthermore, there were no major changes in the levels of H2O2 in the different treatments (less than 10 % compared with the control), but an increase in lipid peroxidation, proline content and free and bound SA concentrations was observed in 100 μM SA-treated shoots. SA treatments resulted in increased activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.24) and soluble peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7), which strongly correlated with the decrease in soluble flavanols and the increase of proanthocyanidins, whereas cell wall-bound peroxidases exhibited a SA-concentration-dependent down-regulation. The results provided evidence that the differences in SA-induced changes in phenolic metabolism, especially the oxidation of flavanols by soluble peroxidases, could serve as a backup defence system contributing to a reduction in oxidative cellular damage, as suggested by the high anti-lipid oxidation activity displayed by Cistus extracts.

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Abbreviations

Chl:

Chlorophyll

DPPH:

1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

FRAP:

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

MS/2:

Murashige and Skoog’s medium with macronutrients at half-strength

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

PAs:

Proanthocyanidins

Prx:

Class III plant peroxidase

PSII:

Photosystem II

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SA:

Salicylic acid

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances

TPC:

Total phenol content

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (project number CGL2006-11569), the Fundación Séneca (project number 08799/PI/08), and the Consejería de Educación, Ciencia e Investigación (CARM, CLUSTER 465.03.08). A. López-Orenes hold a grant from the Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Part of this work was carried out at the Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena.

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  1. Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain

    Antonio López-Orenes, Juana M. Martínez-Moreno, Antonio A. Calderón & María A. Ferrer

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  1. Antonio López-Orenes
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  2. Juana M. Martínez-Moreno
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  3. Antonio A. Calderón
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  4. María A. Ferrer
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Correspondence to María A. Ferrer.

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This article is dedicated to Professor Alfonso Ros Barceló “in memoriam”.

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López-Orenes, A., Martínez-Moreno, J.M., Calderón, A.A. et al. Changes in phenolic metabolism in salicylic acid-treated shoots of Cistus heterophyllus . Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 113, 417–427 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-012-0281-z

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