Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the nature of the carbonyl and the intraring C–C, C–N, C–O, N–N, O–O and N–O bonds of cyclopropanone and the following cyclopropanone derivatives: aziridine-2-one (1); oxirane-2-one (2); 1,2-diaziridine-3-one (3); 1,2-dioxirane-3-one (4); 1,2-oxaziridine-3-one (5); cyclopropane-1,2-dione (6); aziridine-2,3-dione (7); and oxirane-2,3-dione (8). The intramolecular distribution of the electronic charge density and the L(r) = −¼∇2 ρ(r) function have been investigated within the framework of the quantum theory of atoms in molecule theory. This methodology allowed us to characterize the bonds of cyclopropanone and the cyclopropanone derivatives studied here.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11224-015-0606-8/MediaObjects/11224_2015_606_Sch1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11224-015-0606-8/MediaObjects/11224_2015_606_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11224-015-0606-8/MediaObjects/11224_2015_606_Fig2_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Turro NJ (1969) Cyclopropanones. Acc Chem Res 2:25–32
Wasserman HH, Clark GM, Turley PC (1974) Recent aspects of cyclopropanone chemistry. Top Curr Chem Forts Chem Forsch 47:73–156
Zwanenburg B, ten Holte P (2001) The synthetic potential of three-membered ring aza-heterocycles. Top Curr Chem 216:93–124
Dermer OC, Ham GE (1969) Ethylenimine and other aziridines: chemistry and applications. Academic Press, New York
Hoffman RV (2000) Stereospecificity in the α-lactam (aziridinone) synthon. In: Greenberg A, Breneman CM, Liebman JF (eds) The amide linkage: structural significance in chemistry, biochemistry and materials science. Amide linkage. Wiley, New York
Deyrup JA (1983) Aziridines. In: Hassner A (ed) Small-ring heterocycles—part 1. Wiley, New York
Niwayama S, Noguchi H, Ohno M, Kobayashi S (1992) On the mechanism of the Meinwald + rearrangement of electron deficient systems. Tetrahedron Lett 34:665–668
Schmittel M, von Seggern H (1995) Aminium salt-initiated oxygenation of ketenes—formation of succinic anhydrides. Liebigs Ann Chem 10:1815–1821
Strijtveen B, Kellogg RM (1987) Evidence for α-lactone formation in the thioacetylation of some α-hydroxy acids with the aid of Mitsunobu-type reagent. Recl Trav Chim Pays-Bas 106:539–542
Adam W, Blancafort L (1996) Steric and stereoelectronic control of the mode selectivity as a function of alkene structure in the reaction with dimethyl α-peroxylactone: cycloadducts and eneproducts versus epoxides. J Am Chem Soc 118:4778–4787
Liebman JF, Greenberg A (1974) Estimation by bond-additivity schemes of the relative thermodynamic stabilities of three-membered-ring systems and their open dipolar forms. J Org Chem 39:123–130
Chung CSC (1976) α-Lactones: a semi-empirical SCFMO study. J Mol Struct 30:189–191
Antolovic D, Shiner VJ, Davidson ER (1988) Theoretical study of α-lactone, acetoxyl diradical, and the gas-phase dissociation of the chloroacetate anion. J Am Chem Soc 110:1375–1381
Graul ST, Squires RR (1990) Collisional activation of intramolecular nucleophilic displacement reactions: the formation of acetolactone from dissociation of α-haloacetate negative ions. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Process 100:785–802
Wenthold PG, Squires RR (1994) Gas-phase properties and reactivity of the acetate radical anion. Determination of the C–H bond strengths in acetic acid and acetate ion. J Am Chem Soc 116:11890–11897
L’abbé G (1980) Heterocyclic analogues of methylene cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 19:276–289
Johnson WTG, Borden WT (1997) Why are methylenecyclopropane and 1-methylcylopropene more “strained” than methylcyclopropane? J Am Chem Soc 119:5930–5933
Bach RD, Dmitrenko O (2006) The effect of carbonyl substitution on the strain energy of small ring compounds and their six-member ring reference compounds. J Am Chem Soc 128:4598–4611
Wiberg KB, Fenoglio RA (1968) Heats of formation of C4H6 hydrocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 90:3395–3397
Rodriquez CF, Williams IH (1997) Ring strain energy and enthalpy of formation of oxiranone: an ab initio theoretical determination. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2(5):953–958
Liebman JF, Greenberg A (1976) A survey of strained organic molecules. Chem Rev 76:311–365
Ruggiero GD, Williams IH (2001) Oxiranones: α-lactones or zwitterions? Insights from calculated electron density distribution analysis. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2(5):733–737
Grant Buchanan J, Charlton MH, Mahon MF, Robinson JJ, Ruggiero GD, Williams IH (2002) Experimental and computational studies of α-lactones: structure and bonding in the three-membered ring. J Phys Org Chem 15:642–646
Ho M, Szarek WA, Smith VH (2001) Theoretical studies of unusually short bond lengths in oxirane and derivatives. J Mol Struct (Theochem) 537:253–264
Miranda MS, Ferreira PJO, Esteves da Silva JCG, Liebman JF (2015) Three-membered ring amides: a calculational and conceptual study of the structure and energetics of 1,2-oxaziridine-3-one and aziridine-2,3-dione. Can J Chem 93:406–413
Bauza A, Quinonero D, Deya PM, Frontera A (2012) Estimating ring strain energies in small carbocycles by means of the Bader’s theory of atoms-in-molecules. Chem Phys Lett 536:165–169
Møller C, Plesset MC (1934) Note on an approximation treatment for many-electron systems. Phys Rev 46:618–622
Frisch MJ, Trucks GW, Schlegel HB, Scuseria GE, Robb MA, Cheeseman JR, Montgomery JA Jr, Vreven T, Kudin KN, Burant JC, Millam JM, Iyengar SS, Tomasi J, Barone V, Mennucci B, Cossi M, Scalmani G, Rega N, Petersson GA, Nakatsuji H, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K, Fukuda R, Hasegawa J, Ishida M, Nakajima T, Honda Y, Kitao O, Nakai H, Klene M, Li X, Knox JE, Hratchian HP, Cross JB, Bakken V, Adamo C, Jaramillo J, Gomperts R, Stratmann RE, Yazyev O, Austin AJ, Cammi R, Pomelli C, Ochterski JW, Ayala PY, Morokuma K, Voth GA, Salvador P, Dannenberg JJ, Zakrzewski VG, Dapprich S, Daniels AD, Strain MC, Farkas O, Malick DK, Rabuck AD, Raghavachari K, Foresman JB, Ortiz JV, Cui Q, Baboul AG, Clifford S, Cioslowski J, Stefanov BB, Liu G, Liashenko A, Piskorz P, Komaromi I, Martin RL, Fox DJ, Keith T, Al-Laham MA, Peng CY, Nanayakkara A, Challacombe M, Gill PMW, Johnson B, Chen W, Wong MW, Gonzalez C, Pople JA (2004) Gaussian 03, Revision E.01. Gaussian Inc., Wallingford CT
Bader RFW (1990) Atoms in molecules. A quantum theory. Clarendon, Oxford, Great Britain
Popelier P (ed) (2000) Atoms in molecules: an introduction. Prentice-Hall, Harlow, Great Britain
Matta CF, Boyd RJ (2007) The quantum theory of atoms in molecules: from solid state to DNA and drug design. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
AIMAll (Version 11.12.19), Todd A. Keith, TK Gristmill Software, Overland Park KS, USA, 2011 (aim.tkgristmill.com)
Bader RFW (1998) A bond path: a universal indicator of bonded interactions. J Phys Chem A 102:7314–7323
Cremer D, Kraka E, Slee TS, Bader RFW, Lau CDH, Nguyen-Dang TT, Mac Dougall PJ (1983) Description of homoaromaticity in terms of electron distributions. J Am Chem Soc 105:5069–5075
Acknowledgments
D. J. R. Duarte gratefully acknowledges the Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (SECYT UNNE).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Duarte, D.J.R., Miranda, M.S., Esteves da Silva, J.C.G. et al. Theoretical characterization of the chemical bonds of some three-membered ring compounds through QTAIM theory. Struct Chem 27, 663–670 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11224-015-0606-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11224-015-0606-8