Skip to main content
Log in

Properties of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections

  • Published:
Space Science Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) originating from closed field regions on the Sun are the most energetic phenomenon in the heliosphere. They cause intense geomagnetic storms and drive fast mode shocks that accelerate charged particles. ICMEs are the interplanetary manifestations of CMEs typically remote-sensed by coronagraphs. This paper summarizes the observational properties of ICMEs with reference to the ordinary solar wind and the progenitor CMEs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aguilar-Rodriguez, E., Blanco-Cano, X., and Gopalswamy, N.: 2004, in Adv. Space Res. 38(3), 522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balogh, A.: 2002, ASP Conf. Ser. 269, 37.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Balogh, A., Gosling, J. T., Jokipii, J. R., Kallenbach, R., and Kunow, H. (eds.): 1999, Space Sci. Rev. 89, 1.

  • Borrini, G., Gosling, J. T., Bame, S. J., and Feldman, W. C.: 1982, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 7370.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bothmer, V., and Schwenn, R.: 1994, Space Sci. Rev. 70, 215.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bothmer, V., and Schwenn, R.: 1998, Ann. Geophys. 16, 1.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bravo, S., and Blanco-Cano, X.: 1998, Ann. Geophys. 16, 359.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burlaga, L. F.: 1995, Interplanetary Magnetohydrodynamics, Oxford University Press.

  • Burlaga, L., Sittler, E., Mariani, F., and Schwenn, R.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 6673.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burlaga, L. F.: 1982, Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, 1317.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burlaga, L. F., Lepping, R. P., and Jones, J. A.: 1990, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 58, 373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burlaga, L. F., Behannon, K. W., and Klein, L. W.: 1987, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 5725.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burlaga, L. F., et al.: 1998, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 227.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burlaga, L. F., Plunkett, S. P., and St. Cyr, O. C.: 2002, J. Geophys. Res. 107, A10, 1266, doi:10.1029/2001JA000255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cane, H. V., and Richardson, I. G.: 2003, J.Geophys. Res. A 108, 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., et al.: 1997, Astrophys. J. 490, L191.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chao, J. K., and Lepping, R. L.: 1974, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1799.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cliver, E. W., Ling, A. G., and Richardson, I. G. : 2003, Astrophys. J. 592, 574.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Dryer, M.: 1994, Space Sci. Rev. 67, 363.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Galvin, A. B.: 1997, in N. Crooker, J. A. Joselyn, and J. Feynman (eds.), Coronal Mass Ejections, AGU, Washington D.C., 253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, W. D., Chía de Gonzalez, A. L., Dal Lago, A., Tsurutani, B. T., Arballo, J. K., Lakhina, G. K., et al.: 1998, Buti, B., Ho, C.M., Wu, S.-T. : 1998, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 963.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N.: 2002, COSPAR Colloq. Ser. 14, 157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N.: 2003, Adv. Space Res. 31, 869.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N.: 2004, in G. Poletto and S. T. Suess (eds.), The Sun and the Heliosphere as an Integrated System, Kluwer, Boston, p. 201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N.: 2006, J. Astrophys. Astron. 27, 243.

  • Gopalswamy, N., Hanaoka, Y., Kosugi, T., Lepping, R. P., Steinberg, J. T., Plunkett, S., et al.: 1998, Howard, R.A., Thompson, B.J., Gurman, J., Ho, G., and 2 coauthors: 1998, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 2485.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N., Lara, A., Lepping, R. P., Kaiser, M. L., Berdichevsky, D., and St. Cyr, O. C.: 2000, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 145.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N., Lara, A., Kaiser, M. L., and Bougeret, J.-L.: 2001a, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 25,261.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N., Lara, A., Yashiro, S., Kaiser, M. L., and Howard, R. A.: 2001b, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 29,207.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Kaiser, M. L., Howard, R. A., and Bougeret, J.-L.: 2001c, Astrophys. J. 548, L91.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N., Shimojo, M., Lu, W., Yashiro, S., Shibasaki, K., and Howard, R. A.: 2003a, Astrophys. J. 586, 562.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Lara, A., Kaiser, M. L., Thompson, B. J., Gallagher, P. T., et al.: 2003b, Howard, R. A.: 2003b, Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, CiteID 8015.

  • Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Michalek, G., Xie, H., Lepping, R. P., and R. A.: 2005a, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N., Lara, A., Manoharan, P. K., and Howard, R. A.: 2005b, Adv. Space Res. 36, 2289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Liu, Y., Michalek, G., Vourlidas, A., Kaiser, M. L., et al.: 2005c, and R.A. Howard: 2005c, J. Geophys. Res. 110, 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N., Fleck, B., and Gurman, J. B.: 2005d, in Proc. Asia Pacific Regional Conference of IAA, Bangalore, India.

  • Gopalswamy, N., Akiyama, S., Yashiro, S., Michalek, G., Xie, H., Petty, S., et al.: 2006, and R.P. Lepping: 2006, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., submitted.

  • Gosling, J. T.: 1990, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 58, 343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, J. T.: 1997, in N. Crooker, J. A. Joselyn, and J. Feynman (eds.), Coronal Mass Ejections, AGU, Washington D.C., 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, J. T.: 1996, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 34, 35.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, J. T., McComas, D. J., Phillips, J. L., and Bame, S. J.: 1991, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 731.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henke, T., et al.: 1998, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 3465.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Henke, T., Woch, J., Schwenn, R., Mall, U., Gloeckler, G., von Steiger, R., et al.: 2001, R.J. Forsyth, and A. Balogh: 2001, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 10,597.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirshberg, J., Bame, S. J., and Robbins, D. E.: 1972, Sol. Phys. 23, 467.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hori, K., and Culhane, J. L.: 2002, Astron. Astrophys. 382, 666.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. A., Michels, D. J., Sheeley, Jr. N. R., and Koomen, M. J.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 263, L101.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hundhausen, A. J.: 1997, in N. Crooker, J. A. Joselyn, and J. Feynman (eds.), Coronal Mass Ejections, AGU, Washington D.C., 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hundhausen, A. J., Gilbert, H. E., and Bame, S. J.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 157, L3.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, L. W., and Burlaga, L. F: 1982, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 613.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunow, H., Crooker, N., Linker, J., Schwenn, R., and von Steiger, R. (eds.): 2006, Space Sci. Rev. 123, 1, doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9007-z.

  • Lepping, R. P., Burlaga, L. F., and Jones, J. A.: 1990, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 11957.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepping, R. P., Wu, C.-C., and Berdichevsky, D. B.: 2005, Ann. Geophys. 23, 2687.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepri, S. T., Zurbuchen, T. H., Fisk, L. A., Richardson, I. G., Cane, H. V., and Gloeckler, G.: 2001, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 29,23,2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lepri, S. T., and Zurbuchen, T. H.: 2004, J. Geophys. Res. 109, A01112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay, G. M., Russell, C. T., Luhmann, J. G., and Gazis, P.: 1994, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 11.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay, G. M., Luhmann, J. G., Russell, C. T., and Gosling, J. T.: 1999, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 12,515.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Low, B. C.: 1996, Sol. Phys. 167, 217.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Manoharan, P. K., Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Lara, A., Michalek, G., and Howard, R. A.: 2004, J. Geophys. Res. 109, 6109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsden, R. G., Sanderson, T. R., Tranquille, C., Wenzel, K.-P., and Smith, E. J.: 1987, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 11,009.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Martens, P. C. H., and Kuin, N. P. M.: 1989, Sol. Phys. 122, 263.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Marubashi, K.: 1986, Adv. Space Res. 6, 335.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulligan, T., Russell, C. T., Elliott, D., Gosling, J. T., and Luhmann, J. G.: 2001, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 891.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Munro, R. H., Gosling, J. T., Hildner, E., MacQueen, R. M., Poland, A. I., and Ross, C. L.: 1979, Sol. Phys. 61, 201.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Neugebauer, M., and Goldstein, R.: 1997, in N. Crooker, J. A. Joselyn, and J. Feynman (eds.), Coronal Mass Ejections, AGU, Washington D.C., 245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1957, Astrophys. J. Supp. 3, 51.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pevtsov, A. A., Canfield, R. C., and Latushko, S. M.: 2001, Astrophys. J. 549, L261.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinter, S.: 1973, Nature Phys. Sci. 243, 96.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao, U. R., McCracken, K. G., and Bukata, R. P.: 1967, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 4325.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinard, A.: 2005, Astrophys. J. 620, 501.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, P., Schatzman, C., Cane, H. V., Richardson, I., and Gopalswamy, N.: 2006, in press.

  • Roussev, I. I., and Sokolov, I. V.: 2006, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 162, in press.

  • Russell, C. T., and Shinde, A. A.: 2005, Sol. Phys. 229, 323.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rust, D. M.: 1999, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 111, 221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwenn, R., dal Lago, A., Huttunen, E., and Gonzalez, W. D.: 2005, Ann. Geophys. 23, 625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheeley, N. R., Howard, R. A., Koomen, M. J., Michels, D. J., Schwenn, R., Muhlhauser, K.-H., et al.: 1985, and Rosenbauer, H.: 1985, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 163.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnet, C. P., Colburn, D. S., Davis, L., Smith, E. J., and Coleman, P. J.: 1964, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 153.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, N., and Venkatakrishnan, P.: 2004, J.Geophys. Res. A 109, 10103.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tousey, R.: 1973, Space Res. 13, 713.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsurutani, B. T., and Gonzalez, W. D.: 1997, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 98, 77.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Steiger, R., Geiss, J., Gloeckler, G., and Galvin, A. B.: 1995, Space Sci. Rev. 72, 71.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • von Steiger, R., and Zurbuchen, T.: 2003, in Proc. International Solar Cycle Studies (ISCS) Symposium, Vol. 535 of ESA SP, p. 835.

  • Wang, Y. M., Ye, P. Z., Wang, S., Zhou, G. P., and Wang, J. X.: 2002, J. Geophys. Res. 107, 1340, doi:10.1029/2002JA009244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, D. F., Cliver, E. W., Crooker, N. U., St. Cry, O. C., and Thompson, B. J.: 2000, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 7491.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R. M., and Hildner, E.: 1986, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 5867.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Chin-Chun, Lepping, R. P., and Gopalswamy, N.: 2003, in Proc. International Solar Cycle Studies (ISCS) Symposium, Vol. 535 of ESA SP, p. 429.

  • Wu, Chin-Chun, Lepping, R. P., and Gopalswamy, N.: 2006, Sol. Phys., in press.

  • Xie, H., Gopalswamy, N., Manoharan, P. K., Lara, A., Yashiro, S., and Lepri, S.: 2006, J. Geophys. Res. 111, A01103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yurchyshyn, V., Wang, H., Goode, P. R., and Deng, Y.: 2001, Astrophys. J. 563, 381.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, G., and Burlaga, L. F.: 1988, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 2511.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Dere, K. P., Howard, R. A., and Bothmer, V.: 2003, Astrophys. J. 6582, 520.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zwickl, R. D., Asbridge, J. R., Bame, S. J., Feldman, W. C., and Gosling, J. T.: 1982, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 7379.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nat Gopalswamy.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gopalswamy, N. Properties of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections. Space Sci Rev 124, 145–168 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-006-9102-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-006-9102-1

Keywords

Navigation