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Origin and Ion Charge State Evolution of Solar Wind Transients during 4 – 7 August 2011

  • Earth-affecting Solar Transients
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Abstract

We present a study of the complex event consisting of several solar wind transients detected by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) on 4 – 7 August 2011, which caused a geomagnetic storm with \(\mathit{Dst}=-110~\mbox{nT}\). The supposed coronal sources, three flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), occurred on 2 – 4 August 2011 in active region (AR) 11261. To investigate the solar origin and formation of these transients, we study the kinematic and thermodynamic properties of the expanding coronal structures using the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) EUV images and differential emission measure (DEM) diagnostics. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) magnetic field maps were used as the input data for the 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model to describe the flux rope ejection (Pagano, Mackay, and Poedts, 2013b). We characterize the early phase of the flux rope ejection in the corona, where the usual three-component CME structure formed. The flux rope was ejected with a speed of about \(200~\mbox{km}\,\mbox{s}^{-1}\) to the height of \(0.25~\mbox{R}_{\odot}\). The kinematics of the modeled CME front agrees well with the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) EUV measurements. Using the results of the plasma diagnostics and MHD modeling, we calculate the ion charge ratios of carbon and oxygen as well as the mean charge state of iron ions of the 2 August 2011 CME, taking into account the processes of heating, cooling, expansion, ionization, and recombination of the moving plasma in the corona up to the frozen-in region. We estimate a probable heating rate of the CME plasma in the low corona by matching the calculated ion composition parameters of the CME with those measured in situ for the solar wind transients. We also consider the similarities and discrepancies between the results of the MHD simulation and the observations.

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Notes

  1. http://solar.gmu.edu/heliophysics/index.php/ISEST .

  2. http://solar.gmu.edu/heliophysics/index.php/GMU_CME/ICME_List .

  3. http://space.ustc.edu.cn/dreams/wind_icmes .

  4. http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/DATA/level3/icmetable2.htm .

  5. http://helioweather.net/archive/2011/08/ .

  6. http://solar.gmu.edu/heliophysics/index.php/The_ISEST_Event_List .

  7. http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/DATA/level3/icmetable2.htm .

  8. http://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list/index.html .

  9. http://sidc.oma.be/cactus/ .

  10. http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov , http://helioweather.net/ .

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Jie Zhang and Nat Gopalswamy as the ISEST coordinators for supporting our studies of coronal sources of ICMEs. We thank Ian Richardson and Hilary Cane for their list of Near-Earth Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections,Footnote 7 CDAW Data Centre,Footnote 8 and CACTus software package,Footnote 9 which we used in our investigations. The authors thank the GOES, SDO/AIA, and ACE research teams for their open data policy. We are grateful for the opportunity to use the results of the simulation obtained by the WSA-Enlil Cone and DBM models.Footnote 10 This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 647214). We acknowledge the use of the open source ( gitorious.org/amrvac ) MPI-AMRVAC software, relying on coding efforts from C. Xia, O. Porth, and R. Keppens. The computational work for this article was carried out on the joint STFC and SFC (SRIF) funded clusters at the University of St Andrews (Scotland, UK). The work is partially supported by RFBR grants 17-02-00787, 14-02-00945 and the P7 Program of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Author notes

  1. G. Gibb

    Present address: Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre, Edinburgh, UK

Authors and Affiliations

  1. P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    D. Rodkin, F. Goryaev & V. Slemzin

  2. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9SS, UK

    P. Pagano, G. Gibb & D. H. Mackay

  3. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Y. Shugay & I. Veselovsky

  4. Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    I. Veselovsky

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  1. D. Rodkin
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Correspondence to D. Rodkin.

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Earth-affecting Solar Transients

Guest Editors: Jie Zhang, Xochitl Blanco-Cano, Nariaki Nitta, and Nandita Srivastava

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Rodkin, D., Goryaev, F., Pagano, P. et al. Origin and Ion Charge State Evolution of Solar Wind Transients during 4 – 7 August 2011. Sol Phys 292, 90 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-017-1109-0

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