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Advances in direct transesterification of microalgal biomass for biodiesel production

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Abstract

Microalgae biomass is becoming an interesting raw material to produce biodiesel, where several approaches in the transesterification process have been applied such as different catalysts, different acyl acceptors, incorporation of co-solvents and the different operational conditions. However there are some drawbacks that must be solved before any industrial application could be intended. The main problems are related with the high water content of the biomass (over 80 %) and the several process steps involved in biodiesel production such as: drying, cell disruption, oils extraction, transesterification and biodiesel refining. In comparison to other alternatives, the use of direct transesterification could be a suitable alternative since cell disruption, lipids extraction and transesterification are carried out in one step, with a direct reaction of oil-bearing biomass to biodiesel. This process could be applied even using biomass with high water content, and its efficiency could be improved by the incorporation of promising technologies such as microwave or ultrasonication that can enhance the mass transfer rate between immiscible phases, simultaneously diminishing the reaction time. However, it is still necessary to decrease the costs of these technologies so they can be suitable alternatives in future industrial applications.

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Acknowledgments

This research was sponsored by CONICYT Project 79090009 and PIA Project DI10-7001 from University of La Frontera. This research was partially sponsored by Chilean FONDECYT Projects 3080021, 1120812 and 11110282.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile

    P. Hidalgo, C. Toro, G. Ciudad & R. Navia

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile

    R. Navia

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  1. P. Hidalgo
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  2. C. Toro
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  3. G. Ciudad
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  4. R. Navia
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Correspondence to R. Navia.

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Hidalgo, P., Toro, C., Ciudad, G. et al. Advances in direct transesterification of microalgal biomass for biodiesel production. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 12, 179–199 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-013-9308-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-013-9308-0

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