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Photosystem II reaction centre quenching: mechanisms and physiological role

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Abstract

Dissipation of excess absorbed light energy in eukaryotic photoautotrophs through zeaxanthin- and ΔpH-dependent photosystem II antenna quenching is considered the major mechanism for non-photochemical quenching and photoprotection. However, there is mounting evidence of a zeaxanthin-independent pathway for dissipation of excess light energy based within the PSII reaction centre that may also play a significant role in photoprotection. We summarize recent reports which indicate that this enigma can be explained, in part, by the fact that PSII reaction centres can be reversibly interconverted from photochemical energy transducers that convert light into ATP and NADPH to efficient, non-photochemical energy quenchers that protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage. In our opinion, reaction centre quenching complements photoprotection through antenna quenching, and dynamic regulation of photosystem II reaction centre represents a general response to any environmental condition that predisposes the accumulation of reduced QA in the photosystem II reaction centres of prokaryotic and eukaryotic photoautotrophs. Since the evolution of reaction centres preceded the evolution of light harvesting systems, reaction centre quenching may represent the oldest photoprotective mechanism.

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Abbreviations

Cyt b 559 :

Cytochrome b 559

D1:

Photosystem II reaction centre polypeptide

D2:

Photosystem II reaction centre polypeptide

F o :

Minimum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence at open PSII centres in dark-adapted leaves

F m :

Maximum yield of fluorescence at closed PSII reaction centres in dark adapted leaves

F v :

Variable yield of fluorescence in dark adapted leaves

F v/F m :

Maximum PSII photochemical efficiency in dark adapted leaves

LHCII:

The major Chl a/b pigment-protein complex associated with PSII

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching

OEC:

Oxygen evolving complex

Pheo:

Pheophytin

PI:

Photoinhibition

PSI:

Photosystem I

PSII:

Photosystem II

PSIIα:

Photosystem α-centres

PSIIβ:

Photosystem β-centres

PsbS:

PSII subunit and gene product of the PsbS gene

PQ:

Plastoquinone

QA :

Primary electron-accepting quinone in PSII reaction centres

QB :

Secondary electron-accepting quinone in PSII reaction centres

qE:

ΔpH-dependent high energy quenching

qo:

Quenching coefficient for basal fluorescence

qP:

Photochemical quenching coefficient

TL:

Thermoluminescence

T M :

Temperature of maximum thermoluminescence emission

V:

Violaxanthin

Z:

Zeaxanthin

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada to NPAH, the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT) to GÖ and NPAH, the Swedish Research Council to GÖ and the Swedish Council for Forestry and Agricultural Research to VH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and The Biotron, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7

    Alexander G. Ivanov & Norman P. A. Huner

  2. Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umea, Sweden

    Alexander G. Ivanov, Vaughan Hurry & Gunnar Öquist

  3. Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Jain Hills, Jalgaon, 425001, India

    Prafullachandra V. Sane

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  1. Alexander G. Ivanov
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  2. Prafullachandra V. Sane
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  3. Vaughan Hurry
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  4. Gunnar Öquist
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  5. Norman P. A. Huner
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Correspondence to Norman P. A. Huner.

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Ivanov, A.G., Sane, P.V., Hurry, V. et al. Photosystem II reaction centre quenching: mechanisms and physiological role. Photosynth Res 98, 565–574 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-008-9365-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-008-9365-3

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