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Estimating soil organic matter using interpolation methods with a electromagnetic induction sensor and topographic parameters: a case study in a humid region

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Abstract

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key indicator of soil quality although, usually, detailed data for a given area is difficult to obtain at low cost. This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), measured with an electromagnetic induction sensor, to improve the spatial estimation of SOM for site-specific soil management purposes. Apparent electrical conductivity was measured in a 10-ha prairie in NW Spain in November 2011. The ECa measurements were used to design a sampling scheme of 80 locations, at which soil samples were collected from 0 to 20 cm depth and from 20 cm to the boundary of the A horizon (ranging from 25 to 48 cm). The SOM values determined at the two depths considered were weighted to obtain the results for the entire A Horizon. SOM distribution maps were obtained by inverse distance weighting and geostatistical techniques: ordinary kriging (OK), cokriging (COK), regression kriging either with linear models (LM-RK) or with random forest (RF-RK). SOM ranged from 46.3 to 78.0 g kg−1, whereas ECa varied from 6.7 to 14.7 mS m−1. These two variables were significantly correlated (r = −0.6, p < 0.05); hence, ECa was used as an ancillary variable for interpolating SOM. A strong spatial dependence was found for both SOM and ECa. The maps obtained exhibited a similar spatial pattern for SOM; COK maps did not show a significant improvement from OK predictions. However, RF-RK maps provided more accurate spatial estimates of SOM (error of predictions was between four and five times less than the other interpolators). This information is helpful for site-specific management purposes at this field.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project CGL2013-47814-C2). The helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers are deeply acknowledged. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful insights on previous versions of this manuscript.

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  1. José Manuel Mirás-Avalos

    Present address: Departamento de Riego, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Espinardo, Spain

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira s/n 15008, A Coruña, Spain

    Aitor García-Tomillo, José Manuel Mirás-Avalos & Antonio Paz-González

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Lugo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, Spain

    Jorge Dafonte-Dafonte

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  1. Aitor García-Tomillo
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Correspondence to José Manuel Mirás-Avalos.

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García-Tomillo, A., Mirás-Avalos, J.M., Dafonte-Dafonte, J. et al. Estimating soil organic matter using interpolation methods with a electromagnetic induction sensor and topographic parameters: a case study in a humid region. Precision Agric 18, 882–897 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-016-9481-6

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