Abstract
The primary aim of this work was to predict soil moisture content and soil organic matter using soil image texture statistics. Co-occurrence method texture statistics were used to characterize Andisol soils to extend the possibility of using RGB color space in representing composite soil color. Four co-occurrence method textural features; angular second moment (ASM), contrast (CON), correlation (COR) and inverse difference moment (IDM) calculated from generalized matrix for image texture representation were used to describe soil moisture content variation under laboratory conditions. It was found that CON and COR had negative responses to moisture content (MC) and ASM had positive response to MC. The same were also observed in direct captured field soil images in terms of textural indices against MC and soil organic matter (SOM). The correlations were significant for ASM and COR in fertilizer and combined (fertilizer-manure) plots and insignificant in manure plots. To relate sub-surface image textural indices and soil properties for individual years, stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and supervised feed-forward neural networks (NN) were investigated in an attempt to provide minimal prediction errors. The improvements achieved by NN with minimal prediction errors were better than SMLR in different years. It was assumed that several years of data sets with a much larger number of observations could be used to differentiate fundamental soil properties.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Fellowship Program for supporting this research. The authors would like to express their appreciation to Dr. T. Kaho, Dr. E. Morimoto, Dr. A. Sasso, Dr. N. Kondo, Dr. Mamada, Ms Y. Kato and Ms C. Hache for their support.
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Roy, S.K., Shibusawa, S. & Okayama, T. Textural analysis of soil images to quantify and characterize the spatial variation of soil properties using a real-time soil sensor. Precision Agric 7, 419–436 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-006-9018-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-006-9018-5