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Diversity Assessment of Turkish Maize Landraces Based on Fluorescent Labelled SSR Markers

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Abstract

Landraces of maize represent a valuable genetic resource for breeding and genetic studies. Since 1970, landraces have been collected from all over Turkey, but the genetic diversity represented in this collection is still largely unknown. In this study, a sample of 98 landraces sampled from 45 provinces of Turkey was assessed genotypically at 28 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and phenotypically for 19 morphological traits. The landraces varied significantly for all the latter traits. A total of 172 SSR alleles were detected, giving a mean of 6.21 alleles per locus. The genetic distance between pairs of landraces ranged from 0.18 to 0.63, with a mean of 0.35. Positive and negative correlation exists among different morphological and agronomic traits. Positive association among different traits showed that improvement of one character may simultaneously improve the other desired trait. Based on UPGMA dendrogram and Neighbor-Net (NNET) analyses from both morphological traits and SSR data, respectively, it is obvious that maize landraces from the same geographical region were often placed in different clusters, indicating that grouping based on genetic parameters was not closely related to the geographic origin. The wide diversity present in Turkish maize landraces could be used as genetic resource in designing maize breeding program for developing new cultivars adapted to different geographic and climatic conditions, and may also contribute to worldwide breeding programs.

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Acknowledgement

We thank the Menemen gene bank (Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, Izmir, Turkey) for the kind provision of landrace seed stocks. The authors express their gratitude to TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TOVAG-104O186) and University of Cukurova, Scientific Research Projects Unit (ZF2004BAP17) for their financial support.

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  1. Gönül Cömertpay

    Present address: Department of Field Crops, Adiyaman University, Kahta Vocational School, Adiyaman, Turkey

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, 01330, Adana, Turkey

    Gönül Cömertpay, Faheem S. Baloch, Ahmet C. Ülger & Hakan Özkan

  2. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Genebank/Genome Diversity, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany

    Benjamin Kilian

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  1. Gönül Cömertpay
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  2. Faheem S. Baloch
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  3. Benjamin Kilian
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  4. Ahmet C. Ülger
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  5. Hakan Özkan
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Correspondence to Hakan Özkan.

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This article is dedicated to our dear colleague, the late Prof. Dr. Ahmet Can Ülger.

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Supplementary Table 1

Means and standard deviation for: days to tasseling (DTS), plant height (PHT), ear length (EHT), stem diameter (SDI), angel of uppermost leaf (AUL), number of leaves (NL) and leaf area index (LEA) of Turkish maize landraces (DOC 158 kb)

Supplementary Table 2

Means and standard deviation for: tassels on primary branches (PBNT), ear length (ELG), ear diameter (EDI), ear rows number (ERN), number of kernels per row (NKR) and total number of kernels per ear (TNKE) of Turkish maize landraces (DOC 152 kb)

Supplementary Table 3

Means and standard deviation for: ear peduncle length (EPLG), ear weight (EWE), individual plant yield (PYL), kernel length (KLG), kernel width (KWD) and kernel thickness (KT) of Turkish maize landraces (DOC 161 kb)

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Cömertpay, G., Baloch, F.S., Kilian, B. et al. Diversity Assessment of Turkish Maize Landraces Based on Fluorescent Labelled SSR Markers. Plant Mol Biol Rep 30, 261–274 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-011-0332-3

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