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Genetic diversity in maize landraces from indigenous settlements of Northeastern Argentina

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Abstract

In South America, native maize germplasm has been extensively studied particularly for the Andean region. However, relatively few genetic diversity studies include materials from the eastern region of the continent. Herein we present a genetic diversity characterization of four Popcorn maize landraces, maintained in indigenous settlements, from Northeastern Argentina (NEA). In addition, one Popcorn landrace from Northwestern Argentina (NWA) was incorporated for comparison. We characterized these landraces using ten microsatellite markers. For the whole data set, a total of 65 alleles were found, with an average of 7.22 alleles per locus. The average gene diversity was 0.370. Global fit to Hardy–Weinberg proportions was observed in all landraces. Global estimates of F ST revealed a significant differentiation among the populations. Individual Neighbor-joining clustering and Bayesian analyses allowed the recognition of most populations studied. Two main groups were distinguished by the Neighbor-joining clustering of populations. This grouping pattern would be consistent with a hypothesis of successive introductions of Popcorn in South America. The results presented will be useful to design strategies that maximize the utility of maize genetic resources.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ing. Héctor Keller for driving us to the indigenous settlements and for his kind assistance during the collecting trip. We are grateful to the “Guaraní” communities for providing us the landraces included in this study. We are in debt to two anonymous reviewers who have greatly improved this manuscript; to Dr. Letizia Camus-Kulandaivelu and Dr. Domenica Manicacci for providing the software for the STRUCTURE stability analysis and for their helpful comments; and to Leandro Citate for his contributions with C-language programs. Several grants from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (PIP 5927), the Universidad de Buenos Aires (EX-317) and the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (BID 1728 OC-AR PICT 14119 and 14170) are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución (LaCyE), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes y Costanera Norte s/n, 4to. Piso, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mariana Bracco, V. V. Lia, A. M. Gottlieb & L. Poggio

  2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avenida Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mariana Bracco, V. V. Lia, A. M. Gottlieb & L. Poggio

  3. Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Vegetales ‘N. I. Vavilov’, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

    J. Cámara Hernández

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  1. Mariana Bracco
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  2. V. V. Lia
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  3. A. M. Gottlieb
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  4. J. Cámara Hernández
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  5. L. Poggio
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Correspondence to Mariana Bracco.

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Bracco, M., Lia, V.V., Gottlieb, A.M. et al. Genetic diversity in maize landraces from indigenous settlements of Northeastern Argentina. Genetica 135, 39–49 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-008-9252-z

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