Abstract
Background and aims
Uncontrolled uptake of Na+ is the reason that many species are sensitive to salinity. Suberin is a protective barrier found in the walls of root endodermal cells that appears to be important for salt tolerance, yet its specific protective mechanism has not been fully elucidated.
Methods
Here we investigated the role of aliphatic suberin in protecting plants against salt stress by using a mutant of Arabidopsis, cyp86a1, which exhibits a significant reduction of root aliphatic suberin.
Results
We found that NaCl significantly increased suberization in roots of hydroponic-grown wild-type plants, but not in cyp86a1. Cyp86a1 exhibited a salt-sensitive phenotype. Compared with wild-type, Na+ accumulation in shoots was higher in cyp86a1. We provide evidence that increased Na+ uptake was via the root transcellular pathway. Furthermore, cyp86a1 accumulated less K+ in shoots than wild-type under NaCl stress, which was a consequence of increased K+ efflux from the root vasculature. Additionally, we provide evidence that aliphatic suberin reduces inflow of water across the root endodermis under non-stress conditions but reduces the backflow of water to the medium under salt stress.
Conclusions
Finally, we propose a model for the role of aliphatic suberin in restricting Na+ influx, K+ efflux and water backflow in plants under saline conditions.
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Abbreviations
- CTM:
-
Composite transport model
- GC-MS:
-
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer
- Gs:
-
Stomatal conductance
- ICP-OES:
-
Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometer
- Jv r :
-
The volume flow of xylem sap per unit root surface area
- Lp r :
-
Root hydraulic conductivity
- NMT:
-
Non-invasive micro-test technology
- Pn:
-
Net photosynthesis rate
- PTS:
-
Trisodium-8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulphonic acid
- SA:
-
Selective absorption
- ST:
-
Selective transport
- Tr:
-
Transpiration rate
- WUE:
-
Water use efficiency
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Xiaolong Chen (Lanzhou University) for technical assistance and Prof. Fengmin Li (Lanzhou University) for providing WinRHIZO software. This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31730093 and 31802122) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2018-k01 and 2019HQZZ17).
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Supplemental Fig. S1
The growth status of wild-type and cyp86a1 mutant plants grown under different NaCl concentrations in soil. Seeds were germinated and grown on 1/2 MS plates, 7-d-old seedlings were transferred to soil and grown for 21 d, then treated with different salt treatments (0–30 mM NaCl) for 21 d prior to the images being taken (PDF 170 kb)
Supplemental Fig. S2
Chemical composition of suberin monomers in roots of wild-type and cyp86a1 mutant plants under different concentrations of NaCl. (a) All aliphatic suberin monomers and total aromatic monomers; (b) All ω-hydroxyacid monomers identified; (c) All α,ω-diacid monomers identified. The growth conditions and treatments are the same as for Fig. 2c. Mean values are shown in μg·mg−1 delipidated dry residue (DR) ± SD of three biological replicates, each replicate is made up by 0.4–0.5 g of fresh roots (~10 pooled plants). Columns with different letters indicate significant difference at p < 0.05 (Duncan’s test) (PDF 1186 kb)
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Wang, P., Wang, CM., Gao, L. et al. Aliphatic suberin confers salt tolerance to Arabidopsis by limiting Na+ influx, K+ efflux and water backflow. Plant Soil 448, 603–620 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04464-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04464-w