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The inward-rectifying K+ channel SsAKT1 is a candidate involved in K+ uptake in the halophyte Suaeda salsa under saline condition

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Abstract

Background and aims

The Shaker AKT1-like channels are considered to be involved in both high- and low-affinity K+ uptake and correlated with salt tolerance in glycophytes. Suaeda salsa (Suaeda maritima subsp. salsa), as a typical salt-accumulating halophyte, is able to absorb K+ efficiently while growing under saline conditions and taking in a large amount of Na+, thus maintaining the K+ concentration in its cells. In this study, the possible functions of the inward-rectifying K+ channel SsAKT1 in K+ uptake and salt tolerance in the halophyte S. salsa were investigated.

Methods

SsAKT1 from S. salsa was isolated by RT-PCR and characterized using yeast complementation; the responses of SsAKT1 to various KCl and NaCl treatments were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR.

Results

SsAKT1 consisted of 879 amino acid residues and shared high homology (60–67 %) with the identified inward-rectifying K+ channels AKT1 from other plants. The expression of SsAKT1 rescued the K+-uptake-defective phenotype of yeast strain CY162, and also suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype of yeast strain G19, suggesting SsAKT1 functioned as an inward-rectifying K+ channel. SsAKT1 was predominantly expressed in roots, and was induced significantly by K+ starvation; transcript levels increased further on resupply of K+ (0.1–10 mM for 6 h) by 62 % in 0.1 mM K+ and 144–174 % in higher K+ concentrations (1–10 mM). Interestingly, the expression level of SsAKT1 in roots was also induced significantly by short-term treatment (6 h) with NaCl concentrations (25–250 mM).

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that the inward-rectifying K+ channel SsAKT1 might mediate both high- and low-affinity K+ uptake in S. salsa, but play a greater role in the low-affinity system. Furthermore, SsAKT1 might also be involved in salt tolerance by participating in the maintenance of K+ nutrition in S. salsa under salinity.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to Professor Alonso Rodríguez-Navarro from Centro de Biotechnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain, for providing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain G19. We are also very grateful to Professor Timothy J. Flowers from University of Sussex, UK, for critically reviewing the manuscript and for valuable suggestions. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, grant No. 2014CB138701), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 31170431), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (grant No. 20130211130001), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2014-m01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People’s Republic of China

    Hui-Rong Duan, Qing Ma, Jin-Lin Zhang, Jing Hu, Ai-Ke Bao, Li Wei & Suo-Min Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730020, People’s Republic of China

    Qian Wang

  3. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Sheng Luan

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  1. Hui-Rong Duan
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  2. Qing Ma
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  9. Suo-Min Wang
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Correspondence to Suo-Min Wang.

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Supplementary Fig. S1

Nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid residues of the SsAKT1. The nucleotide sequences and amino acid residues are indicated by numbers of the left. The start codon (ATG) and the stop codon (TAA) are underlined (GIF 325 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIFF 2683 kb)

Supplementary Fig. S2

Phylogenetic groups of SsAKT1 and AKT1 from plants. The phylogenetic tree was generated by MEGA 6.0 software using the neighbour-joining method and 1000 bootstrap replicates. Bootstrap values (as percentages) are indicated at the corresponding nodes. The scale bar corresponds to a distance of 10 changes per 100 amino acid positions. SsAKT1 is shown as ●. Sources of AKT1 and their GenBank accession numbers are as follows: MKT1 (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, AF267753), VvK1.2 (Vitis vinifera, FR669116), GmAKT1 (Glycine max, XP_003549784), NtAKT1 (Nicotiana tomentosiformis, XP_009619489), PutAKT1 (Puccinellia tenuiflora, GU327382), TaAKT1 (Triticum aestivum, AF207745), AtAKT1 (Arabidopsis thaliana, NM_128222), OsAKT1 (Oryza sativa, Os01g45990), ZMK1 (Zea mays, CAA68912), HvAKT1 (Hordeum vulgare, DQ465922) and ZxAKT1 (Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, GQ857474). (GIF 19 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIFF 4012 kb)

Supplementary Table S1

Primer sequences used in this study (DOC 37 kb)

Supplementary Table S2

The data of △Ct value corresponding to the expression data in Fig. 6 (DOC 62 kb)

Supplementary Table S3

The data of △Ct value corresponding to the expression data in Fig. 7 (DOC 29.5 kb)

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Duan, HR., Ma, Q., Zhang, JL. et al. The inward-rectifying K+ channel SsAKT1 is a candidate involved in K+ uptake in the halophyte Suaeda salsa under saline condition. Plant Soil 395, 173–187 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2539-9

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