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Cloning and functional analysis of three genes encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins from Capsicum annuum and transgenic CaPGIP1 in tobacco in relation to increased resistance to two fungal pathogens

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Abstract

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are plant cell wall glycoproteins that can inhibit fungal endopolygalacturonases (PGs). The PGIPs directly reduce the aggressive potential of PGs. Here, we isolated and functionally characterized three members of the pepper (Capsicum annuum) PGIP gene family. Each was up-regulated at a different time following stimulation of the pepper leaves by Phytophthora capcisi and abiotic stresses including salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, wounding and cold treatment. Purified recombinant proteins individually inhibited activity of PGs produced by Alternaria alternata and Colletotrichum nicotianae, respectively, and virus-induced gene silencing in pepper conferred enhanced susceptibility to P. capsici. Because three PGIP genes acted similarily in conferring resistance to infection by P. capsici, and because individually purified proteins showed consistent inhibition against PG activity of both pathogens, CaPGIP1 was selected for manipulating transgenic tobacco. The crude proteins from transgenic tobacco exhibited distinct enhanced resistance to PG activity of both fungi. Moreover, the transgenic tobacco showed effective resistance to infection and a significant reduction in the number of infection sites, number of lesions and average size of lesions in the leaves. All results suggest that CaPGIPs may be involved in plant defense response and play an important role in a plant’s resistance to disease.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by The Project Graveness Gene of China (2009ZX08009-050B). National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC (30871620). We very thank Gary J. Samuels for assisting in revising this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong street, Tai’an, 271018, Shandong, China

    Xiuju Wang, Xiaoping Zhu & Xiuguo Zhang

  2. Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, USDA, ARS, 1301 Ditto Ave., Ft. Detrick, MD, 21702-5023, USA

    Paul Tooley

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  1. Xiuju Wang
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  2. Xiaoping Zhu
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  3. Paul Tooley
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  4. Xiuguo Zhang
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Correspondence to Xiuguo Zhang.

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Xiuju Wang and Xiaoping Zhu contributed equally to the article.

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Wang, X., Zhu, X., Tooley, P. et al. Cloning and functional analysis of three genes encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins from Capsicum annuum and transgenic CaPGIP1 in tobacco in relation to increased resistance to two fungal pathogens. Plant Mol Biol 81, 379–400 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-013-0007-6

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