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Metabolic engineering of fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): assembling tools to develop nutritionally desirable sesame seed oil

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Abstract

Vegetable oils are an essential component of human diet, in terms of their health beneficial roles. Despite their importance, the fatty acid profile of most commonly used edible oil seed crop plants are imbalanced; this skewed ratio of fatty acids in the diet has been shown to be a major reason for the occurrence of cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. Until recently, it was not possible to exert significant control over the fatty acid composition of vegetable oils derived from different plants. However, the advent of metabolic engineering, knowledge of the genetic networks and regulatory hierarchies in plants have offered novel opportunities to tailor-made the composition of vegetable oils for their optimization in regard to food functionality and dietary requirements. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the ancient oilseed crop in Indian subcontinent but its seed oil is devoid of balanced proportion of ω-6:ω-3 fatty acids. A recent study by our group has shed new lights on metabolic engineering strategies for the purpose of nutritional improvement of sesame seed oil to divert the carbon flux from the production of linoleic acid (C18:2) to α-linolenic acid (C18:3). Apart from that, this review evaluates current understanding of regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic pathways in sesame and attempts to identify the major options of metabolic engineering to produce superior sesame seed oil.

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Abbreviations

ACCase:

Acetyl Co-A carboxylase

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CVD:

Cardiovascular diseases

DAG:

1,2-diacylglycerol

DGAT:

1,2-sn-diacylglycerol acyltransferase

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FA:

Fatty acid

FAD3:

Fatty acid desaturase-3

FAD7:

Fatty acid desaturase-7

FAE:

Fatty acid elongase

FAS:

Fatty acid synthase

FAT:

Fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase

G3P:

Glycerol-3-phosphate

GPAT:

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase

HDL:

High-density-lipoprotein

KAS:

3-ketoacyl- ACP synthase

LDL:

Low-density-lipoprotein

LEC:

Leafy cotyledon

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

MAT:

Malonyl-CoA-ACP-S-malonyl transferase

MGDG:

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PAP:

Phosphatidic acid phosphatise

PC:

Phosphatidyl choline

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

SAD:

Stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein Δ9-desaturase

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid

TFA:

Trans fat

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

WHO:

World health organization

WRI1:

Wrinkled 1

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Acknowledgments

Authors gratefully thank Dr. Anirban Chakraborty, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) for his cooperation and valuable inputs. The critical comments from anonymous reviewer is thankfully acknowledged. Research on sesame is supported by grants from ICAR, New Delhi, India.

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  1. Rupam Kumar Bhunia

    Present address: Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology (BBMB), Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering (ALPGE) and Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, 721302, India

    Rupam Kumar Bhunia, Ranjeet Kaur & Mrinal K. Maiti

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, 721302, India

    Mrinal K. Maiti

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Bhunia, R.K., Kaur, R. & Maiti, M.K. Metabolic engineering of fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): assembling tools to develop nutritionally desirable sesame seed oil. Phytochem Rev 15, 799–811 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-015-9424-2

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