Abstract
Soil temperatures at 15°C or below limit germination and seedling establishment for warm season cereal crops such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) during early-season planting. To better understand the genetics of early-season cold tolerance in sorghum, mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with germination, emergence and vigor using a recombinant inbred mapping population was carried out. A mapping population consisting of 171 F7–F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between RTx430 (cold-sensitive) and PI610727 (cold-tolerant) was developed and a genetic map was constructed using 141 microsatellites or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The RILs were evaluated for cold and optimal temperature germinability in the laboratory, field emergence, and seedling vigor in two locations during early-season planting. Two or more QTL were detected for all traits, except for seedling vigor, with only one QTL was detected in the population. A QTL for cold germinability (Germ 12-2.1) showed the highest LOD value and was also associated with optimal germinability. One of the QTL for field emergence, Fearlygerm-9.3, a contribution from PI610727, was found significant in both locations used for the study. This study showed alignment of QTL in SBi1 (Fearlygerm-1.2 and FGerm30-1.2) with previously reported QTL associated with late field emergence identified from a different mapping population. This indicates that PI617027 shares some common loci with other known early-season cold-tolerant sorghum germplasm but also harbors novel QTL that could be useful in introgression of enhanced laboratory germination and early-season field emergence.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) (1999) Rules for testing seeds. AOSA, Las Cruces
Bacon RK, Cantrell RP, Axtell JD (1986) Selection for seedling cold tolerance in grain sorghum. Crop Sci 26:900–903
Basten C, Weir B, Zeng Z (2003) QTL cartographer version 1.17. North Carolina State University, Raleigh
Burow G, Franks C, Acosta-Martinez V, Xin Z (2009) Molecular mapping and characterization of profuse wax (bloom) and enhanced cuticular features of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Theor Appl Genet 118:423–431
Churchill GA, Doerge RW (1994) Empirical threshold values for quantitative trait mapping. Genetics 138:963–971
Cisse N, Ejeta G (2003) Genetic variation and relationships among seedling vigor traits in sorghum. Crop Sci 43:824–828
Doggett H (1988) Sorghum, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
Franks C, Burow G, Burke J (2006) A comparison of U.S. and Chinese sorghum germplasm for early season cold tolerance. Crop Sci 46:1371–1376
Fujino K, Sekiguchi H, Sato T, Kiuchi H, Nonue Y, Takeuichi Y, Ando T, Lin SY, Yano M (2004) Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling low-temperature germinability in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 108:794–799
Fujino K, Sekiguchi H, Matsuda Y, Sugimoto K, Ono K, Yano M (2008) Molecular identification of a major quantitative trait locus, qLTG3–1, controlling low-temperature germinability in rice. PNAS 105:12623–12628
Kim JS, Klein PE, Klein RR, Price HJ, Mullet JE, Stelly DM (2005) Chromosome identification and nomenclature of Sorghum bicolor. Genetics 169:1169–1173
Klein RR, Rodriguez-Herrera R, Schlueter JA, Klein PE, Yu ZH, Rooney WL (2001) Identification of genomic regions that affect grain-mould incidence and other traits of agronomic importance in sorghum. Theor Appl Genet 102:307–319
Knoll J, Ejeta G (2008) Marker-assisted selection for early-season cold tolerance in sorghum: QTL validation across populations and environments. Theor Appl Genet 116:541–553
Knoll J, Gunaratna N, Ejeta G (2008) QTL analysis of early-season cold tolerance in sorghum. Theor Appl Genet 116:577–587
Kosambi DD (1944) The estimation of map distances from recombination values. Ann Eugen 12:172–175
Lander E, Green P, Abrahamson J, Barlow A, Daly M, Stein L (1987) Mapmaker: an interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic maps of experimental and natural populations. Genomics 1:174–181
Lu Q, Dahlberg J (2001) Chinese sorghum genetic resources. Econ Bot 55:401–425
Lu XL, Niu AL, Cai HY, Zhao Y, Liu JW, Zhu YG, Zhang ZH (2007) Genetic dissection of seedling and early vigor in a recombinant inbred line population of rice. Plant Sci 172:212–220
Maiti R, Raju P, Bidinger F (1981) Evaluation of visual scoring for seedling vigor in sorghum. Seed Sci Technol 9:613–622
Menz MA, Klein RR, Mullet JE, Obert JA, Unruh NC, Klein PE (2002) A high-density genetic map of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench based on 2926 AFLP, RFLP and SSR markers. Plant Mol Biol 48:483–499
Miller FR (1984) Registration of RTx430 sorghum parental line. Crop Sci 24:1224
Rami J-F, Dufour P, Trouche G, Fliedel G, Mestres C, Davrieux F, Blanchard P, Hamon P (1998) Quantitative trait loci for grain quality, productivity, morphological and agronomical traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Theor Appl Genet 97:605–616
Salas Fernandez M, Hamblin MT, Li L, Rooney WT, Tuinstra MR, Kresovich S (2008) Quantitative trait loci analysis of endosperm color and carotenoid content in sorghum grain. Crop Sci 48:1732–1743
Voorrips RE (2002) MapChart: software for the graphical presentation of linkage maps and QTL. J Hered 93:77–78
Wu YQ, Huang Y (2007) An SSR genetic map of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and its comparison to a published genetic map. Genome 50:84–89
Yu J, Tuinstra M (2001) Genetic analysis of seedling growth under cold temperature stress in grain sorghum. Crop Sci 41:1438–1443
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Ms. Halee Hughes and Mr. Charlie Woodfin for their technical support in this project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
11032_2010_9491_MOESM1_ESM.ppt
Figure S1. Mean air and soil temperature during the early-season cold planting conducted from April 1 to April 30, 2009. (PPT 62 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Burow, G., Burke, J.J., Xin, Z. et al. Genetic dissection of early-season cold tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Mol Breeding 28, 391–402 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-010-9491-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-010-9491-4