Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Thermal behavior and thermal stabilization of guanidine hydrochloride-modified acrylic fiber for preparation of low-cost carbon fiber

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A commercial textile-grade acrylic fiber was modified with guanidine hydrochloride for the preparation of low-cost carbon fibers. Thermal behavior of the modified acrylic fiber was studied by simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and the effect of guanidine hydrochloride on the thermal stabilization of acrylic fiber was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and densimetry. The results indicated that guanidine hydrochloride could initiate the cyclization reaction of nitrile groups at lower temperature and promote the thermal stabilization of acrylic fiber. Compared with the carbon fibers prepared from the original acrylic fiber, the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the carbon fibers prepared from the modified acrylic fiber had been increased by about 72% and 34%, respectively. The guanidine hydrochloride-modified acrylic fiber was expected to be a practical low-cost carbon fiber precursor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Scheme 1
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Frank E, Steudle LM, Ingildeev D, Buchmeiser MR. Carbon fibers: precursor systems, processing, structure, and properties. Angew Chem. 2014;53(21):5262–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Krishnan GS, Murali N, Ahamed AJ. Structural transformation, thermal endurance, and identification of evolved gases during heat treatment processes of carbon fiber polymer precursors focusing on the stereoregularity. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;129(2):821–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Holmes M. Global carbon fibre market remains on upward trend. Reinf Plast. 2014;58(6):38–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Serkov AT, Radishevskii MB. Status and prospects for production of carbon fibres based on polyacrylonitrile. Fibre Chem. 2008;40(1):24–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Warren CD, Das S, Wheatley DA. Low cost carbon fibre for automotive applications part 1: low cost carbon fibre development. 2014. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1154766.

  6. Wheatley A, Warren D, Das S. Development of low-cost carbon fibre for automotive applications. New York: Wiley; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Warren CD, Wheatley DA, Das S. Low-cost carbon fibre: applications, performance and cost models—chapter 17. 2014. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1154767.

  8. Paulauskas FL, Warren CD, Eberle CC, Naskar AK, Ozcan S, et al. Novel precursor materials and approaches for producing lower cost carbon fiber for high volume industries. Automot Appl Recycl Edimburgo [sn]. 2009. http://www.iccmcentral.org/Proceedings/ICCM17proceedings/Themes/Industry/AUTO%20APPLI%20%20RECYC/A3.6%20Paulauskas.pdf.

  9. Sedghi A, Farsani RE, Shokuhfar A. The effect of commercial polyacrylonitrile fibers characterizations on the produced carbon fibers properties. J Mater Process Technol. 2008;198(1–3):60–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Baker DA, Gallego NC, Baker FS. On the characterization and spinning of an organic-purified lignin toward the manufacture of low-cost carbon fiber. J Appl Polym Sci. 2012;124(1):227–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yan X, Zhou W, Zhao X, Xu J, Liu P. Preparation, flame retardancy and thermal degradation behaviors of polyacrylonitrile fibers modified with diethylenetriamine and zinc ions. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124(2):719–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bikshapathi M, Verma N, Singh RK, Joshi HC, Srivastava A. Preparation of activated carbon fibers from cost effective commercial textile grade acrylic fibers. Carbon Lett. 2011;12(1):44–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Nabais J, Carrott P, Ribeiro Carrott M. Preparation of activated carbon fibres from acrylic textiles fibres. Carbon. 2001;39(10):1543–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Nabais JMV, Carrott PJM, Carrott MMLR. From commercial textile fibres to activated carbon fibres: chemical transformations. Mater Chem Phys. 2005;93(1):100–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Xue Y, Liu J, Lian F, Liang JY. Effect of the oxygen-induced modification of polyacrylonitrile fibers during thermal-oxidative stabilization on the radial microcrystalline structure of the resulting carbon fibers. Polym Degrad Stab. 2013;98(11):2259–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.08.016.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Li Y, Cui D, Tong Y, Xu L. Study on structure and thermal stability properties of lignin during thermostabilization and carbonization. Int J Biol Macromol. 2013;62(11):663–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Xue Y, Liu J, Liang JY. Correlative study of critical reactions in polyacrylonitrile based carbon fiber precursors during thermal-oxidative stabilization. Polym Degrad Stab. 2013;98(1):219–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.10.018.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Xiao SJ, Wang B, Zhao C, Xu LH, Chen BH. Influence of oxygen on the stabilization reaction of polyacrylonitrile fibers. J Appl Polym Sci. 2013;127(3):2332–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.37930.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ngoc UNT, Hong SC. Structural evolution of poly(acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid) during thermal oxidative stabilization for carbon materials. Macromolecules. 2013;46(15):5882–9. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma401003g.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Munteanu BS, Brebu M, Vasile C. Thermal behaviour of binary and ternary copolymers containing acrylonitrile. Polym Degrad Stab. 2013;98(9):1889–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.04.018.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rahaman MSA, Ismail AF, Mustafa A. A review of heat treatment on polyacrylonitrile fiber. Polym Degrad Stab. 2007;92(8):1421–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.03.023.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ko TH, Chiranairadul P, Ting HY, Lin CH. The effect of modification on structure and dynamic mechanical behavior during the processing of acrylic fiber to stabilized fiber. J Appl Polym Sci. 2010;37(2):541–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mathur RB, Gupta D, Bahl OP, Dhami TL. Infrared spectral studies of preoxidized PAN fibres incorporated with cuprous chloride additive. Fibre Sci Technol. 1984;20(3):227–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ko TH, Huang LC. Preparation of high-performance carbon fibres from PAN fibres modified with cobaltous chloride. J Mater Sci. 1992;27(9):2429–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mathur RB, Mittal J, Bahl OP, Sandle NK. Characteristics of KMnO4-modified PAN fibres—its influence on the resulting carbon fibres’ properties. Carbon. 1994;32(1):71–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ju A, Xu H, Ge M. Preparation and thermal properties of poly[acrylonitrile-co-(β-methylhydrogen itaconate)] used as carbon fiber precursor. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;115(2):1037–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ouyang Q, Wang X, Wang X, Huang J, Huang X, Chen Y. Simultaneous DSC/TG analysis on the thermal behavior of PAN polymers prepared by aqueous free-radical polymerization. Polym Degrad Stab. 2016;130:320–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ouyang Q, Cheng L, Wang HJ, Li KX. DSC study of stabilization reactions in poly(acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid) with peak-resolving method. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;94(1):85–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Shimada I, Takahagi T, Fukuhara M, Morita K, Ishitani A. FT-IR study of the stabilization reaction of polyacrylonitrile in the production of carbon fibers. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem. 1986;24(8):1989–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240819.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ouyang Q, Lu C, Wang H, Li K. Mechanism and kinetics of the stabilization reactions of itaconic acid-modified polyacrylonitrile. Polym Degrad Stab. 2008;93(8):1415–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Grove III DA, Abhiraman AS. A mathematical model of solid-state thermo-oxidative stabilization of acrylic fibers. Carbon. 1992;30(3):451–7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000862239290043V.

Download references

Acknowledgements

National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2016YFB0101702) is gratefully acknowledged for the financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Preparation Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China

    Jing Huang, Qin Ouyang, Menglong Li, Fangfang Heng, Hongbo Ma & Yousi Chen

Authors
  1. Jing Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Qin Ouyang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Menglong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Fangfang Heng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hongbo Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yousi Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qin Ouyang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Huang, J., Ouyang, Q., Li, M. et al. Thermal behavior and thermal stabilization of guanidine hydrochloride-modified acrylic fiber for preparation of low-cost carbon fiber. J Therm Anal Calorim 136, 2195–2203 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7848-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7848-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation