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Synthesis and fabrication of GPS patch antennas by using Zn(1 − x)Ti x Al2O4 thin films

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Abstract

Zn(1 − x)Ti x Al2O4-based microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared by sol–gel method. The obtained compounds were characterized and fabricated as GPS patch antennas. The XRD patterns show a three-phase system with a spinel ZnAl2O4, anatase and a rutile (TiO2). The addition of TiO2 increased the crystallite size and grain size, and surface morphology tended to increase the ceramics density (4.61–4.75 g/cm3) and dielectric constant, ε r (8.56–13.51). Based on the material investigated and microwave antenna theory, GPS patch antennas were fabricated using Zn(1 − x)Ti x Al2O4 and then measured using a PNA series network analyzer. The surface of the GPS patch antennas and ground plane was coated with 200-nm-thick silver to enhance ohmic contact. The patch antenna sizes decreased as ε r increased from 2.88 × 4.37 cm (12.58 cm2) to 3.53 × 2.21 cm (7.80 cm2). Among these antennas, the Zn0.70Ti0.30Al2O4 shows an excellent performance combination between return loss (−28.71 dB), small size (3.53 × 2.21 cm), and wide bandwidth (270 MHz).

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, under Grant FRGS/2/2013/TK06/UKM/02/3 and ERGS/1/2012/STG05/UKM/02/5.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Wan Nasarudin Wan Jalal, Huda Abdullah, Mohd Syafiq Zulfakar, Mohammad Tariqul Islam & Badariah Bais

  2. Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Sahbudin Shaari

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  1. Wan Nasarudin Wan Jalal
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  2. Huda Abdullah
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  3. Mohd Syafiq Zulfakar
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  4. Mohammad Tariqul Islam
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  5. Sahbudin Shaari
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  6. Badariah Bais
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Correspondence to Huda Abdullah.

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Jalal, W.N.W., Abdullah, H., Zulfakar, M.S. et al. Synthesis and fabrication of GPS patch antennas by using Zn(1 − x)Ti x Al2O4 thin films. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 74, 566–574 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-015-3673-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-015-3673-9

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