Abstract
This paper reports the development of a high-impact epoxy nanocomposite toughened by the combination of poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene) (ABS) as thermoplastic, clay as layered nanofiller, and nano-TiO2 as particulate nanofiller. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization and modeling of the impact strength of epoxy/ABS/clay/TiO2 quaternary nanocomposite. A second-order mathematical model between the response (impact strength) and variables (ABS, clay and nano-TiO2 contents) was derived. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value (R 2 = 98%). Under optimum conditions, maximum impact strength of 29.2 KJ/m2 with 197% increase compared to neat epoxy was experimentally obtained. Also correlation between morphology and impact strength of the nanocomposite was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A dispersion of exfoliated clay platelets, TiO2 nanoparticles with low agglomeration and ABS nanoparticles was obtained as morphology of the nanocomposite. A new and more effective method for impact toughening of epoxy was introduced. This study clearly showed that the addition of the combination of layered and particulate nanofillers along with ABS as thermoplastic has a considerable enhancement effect on impact strength of epoxy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Muskopf JW, Mccollister SB (2002) In: Bohnet M, Brinker J, Cornils B et al (eds) Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 6th edn. New York, Wiley
Lee H, Neville K (1967) Handbook of epoxy resins. McGraw Hill, New York
Yun NG, Won YG, Kim SC (2004) Polym Bull 52:365
Kimoto M, Mizutani K (1997) J Mater Sci 32:2479
Mimura K, Ito H, Fujioka H (2000) Polymer 41:4451
Bonnaud L, Pascault JP, Sautereau H (2004) Eur Polym J 40:2637
Chen C, Chen Y, Shen K et al (2003) J Polym Res 10:39
Lopez J, Ramirez C, Abad MJ (2002) J Appl Polym Sci 85:1277
Müller Y, Häuβler L, Pionteck J (2007) Macromol Symp 254:267
Abad MJ, Barral L, Cano J et al (2001) Eur Polym J 37:1613
Ramakrishna HV, Priya SP, Rai SK (2007) J Appl Polym Sci 104:171
Torres A, Lopez-de-Ullibarri I, Abad MJ et al (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 92:461
Wang L, Wang K, Chen L et al (2006) Compos A 37:1890
Kinloch AJ, Taylor AC (2006) J Mater Sci 41:3271
Zunjarrao SC, Sriraman R, Singh RP (2006) J Mater Sci 41:2219
Miyagawa H, Foo KH, Daniel IM et al (2005) J Appl Polym Sci 96:281
Mohan TP, Kumar MR, Velmurugan R (2006) J Mater Sci 41:2929
Zheng Y, Zheng Y, Nig R (2003) Mater Lett 27:2940
Ma J, Mo MS, Du X-Sh et al (2008) Polymer 49:3510
Shi G, Zhang MQ, Rong MZh (2004) Wear 256:1072
Wetzel B, Rosso P, Haupert F et al (2006) Eng Fract Mech 73:2375
Li L, Zou H, Shao L et al (2005) J Mater Sci 40:1297
Asif A, Leena K, Rao VL (2007) J Appl Polym Sci 106:2936
Bakar M, Wojtania I, Legocka I et al (2007) Adv Polym Technol 26:223
Mirmohseni A, Zavareh S (2010) J Polym Res 17:191
Khuri AI (2005) Response surface methodology and related topics. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Hockensack
Myers RH, Montgomery DC (2002) Response surface methodology: process and product optimization using designed experiments, 2nd edn. Wiley, USA
Jia Q, Zheng M, Cheng J et al (2006) Polym Int 55:1259
Gilman JW, Jackson CL, Morgan AB et al (2000) Chem Mater 12:1866
Brindley GW, Brown G (1980) Crystal structures of clay minerals and their X-ray identification. Mineralogical Society, London
Acknowledgement
The authors are most grateful for the continuing financial support of this research project by University of Tabriz.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mirmohseni, A., Zavareh, S. Modeling and optimization of a new impact-toughened epoxy nanocomposite using response surface methodology. J Polym Res 18, 509–517 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-010-9443-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-010-9443-z