This paper reviews recent findings of novel phenomena in 4He confined to a nano-porous glass. We examined pressure–temperature (P-T) phase diagram of 4He confined in a porous Gelsil glass that had nanopores 2.5 nm in diameter, by torsional oscillator and pressure studies. The obtained phase diagram is fairly unprecedented
the superfluid transition temperature approaches zero at 3.4 MPa, and a novel nonsuperfluid phase exists between the superfluid and solid phase. These observations indicate that the confined 4He undergoes a superfluid-nonsuperfluid-solid quantum phase transition at zero temperature. We propose that the nonsuperfluid phase may be a localized Bose-condensed state in which global phase coherence is destroyed by a strong correlation between the 4He atoms or by a random potential. 4He in nanospace is an excellent model system for studying a strongly correlated Bose liquid and solid in a confinement potential.
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Shirahama, K. 4He in Nano-porous Media: Superfluidity and Quantum Phase Transition. J Low Temp Phys 146, 485–497 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-006-9277-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-006-9277-6